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The Historical Varieties of Democracy dataset (Historical V-Dem) contains about 260 indicators, both factual and evaluative, describing various aspects of political regimes and state institutions. The dataset covers 91 polities globally – including most large, sovereign states, as well as some semi-sovereign entities and large colonies – from 1789 to 1920 for many cases. The majority of the indica

Ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a powerful tool to observe electronic and geometric structures of short-lived reaction intermediates. The ab initiofeff9 code is applied to simulate the Pt L3-edge XANES spectrum of the photocatalytic diplatinum molecule [Pt2(P2O5H2)4]4− and the photo-induced changes that occur therein. The spectra are interpreted within a XAFS-like scattering theoretical

PurposeUganda is one of many African countries struggling to develop adequate healthcare, particularly in regard to local treatment and access to drugs. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of how reducing supply-chain complexity can improve health in developing countries. Design/methodology/approachThis study and evaluation included 50 interviews and 27 site visits of t

Background and Objective: Waste in clinical trials remains rife. We developed an economic model to predict the cost of trials based on input costs, duration, power, number of sites, recruitment eligibility and consenting rates. Methods: We parameterised the model for three proxy placebo-controlled surgical trials using data from a systematic review, a bespoke cost survey, and from the literature.

The paper accounts for the extent to which gender research is represented in leading archaeological journals throughout the 1980s to the present through the database Arts & Humanities Citation Index (ISI). The paper regards gender research as including gender, feminisms, masculinities,queer, intersectionality and embodiment. It is concluded that gender research, despite its alleged significanc

Organizations that manufacture high volumes of complex products (e.g., pharmaceutical, automotive, food) require specific strategies to ensure efficient processing of parts and a sustainable level of inventory by waste minimization. A review of literature sources revealed how inventory is classified and managed amongst organizations and industries and key challenges that current organizations face

In a road simulator study, a significant source of sub-micrometer fine particles produced by the road-tire interface was observed. Since the particle size distribution and source strength is dependent on the type of tire used, it is likely that these particles largely originate from the tires, and not the road pavement. The particles consisted most likely of mineral oils from the softening filler

Background: Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), has two major functions: the stimulation of the growth hormone production and the stimulation of food intake. Accumulating evidence also indicates a role of ghrelin in cancer development. Methods: We conducted a case-control study to examine the association of common genetic variants in the genes coding

Macroscopic phase separation in covalent sodium polyacrylate (PA) networks following the absorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/chloride (CTAB/C) from aqueous solutions is studied experimentally and theoretically. The gels are shown to consist of a solvent-swollen polyelectrolyte network (core), surrounded by a dense surface phase (skin) of polyion/surfactant complexes. The effect of core sw

The Bush administration expanded the executive’s powers in the “war on terror”. This gave the president, according to the administration, authority to detain “en-emy combatants” indefinitely at the US naval base in Guantánamo. The official purpose of the detention centre at Guantánamo was that the suspected terrorists were to be tried in military commissions. The administration bypassed the crimin

The purpose of this essay is to examine how responsibility to protect is portrayed in NGO reports. In Burma, which is ruled by a military junta since 1962, the violation of fundamental human rights is prominent. In 2008 Cyclone Nargis struck Burma which destroyed several towns and villages and led to the death of hundreds of thousands Burmese people. The regime failed to take action to help its ow

Aims. We attempt to derive accurate transition probabilities for astrophysically interesting spectral lines of Nb II and Nb III and determine the niobium abundance in the Sun and metal-poor stars rich in neutron-capture elements. Methods. We used the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique to measure radiative lifetimes in Nb II. Branching fractions were measured from spectra recorded u

Ditrysia comprise close to 99 % of all butterflies and moths. The evolutionary relationships among the ditrysian superfamilies have received considerable attention in phylogenetic studies based on DNA and transcriptomic data, but the deepest divergences remain for large parts unresolved or contradictory. To obtain complementary insight into the evolutionary history of the clade, and to test previo

Ga1-xMnx As is commonly considered as a promising material for microelectronic applications utilizing the electron spin. One of the ways that allow increasing the Curie temperature above room temperature is to produce second phase inclusions. In this paper Gal-,Mn.As samples containing precipitations of ferromagnetic MnAs are under consideration. We focus on the atomic and electronic structure aro

Objectives To develop a score for assessment of patients' symptoms in primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS): the EULAR SS Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI). Methods Dryness, pain, somatic and mental fatigue were identified as the main symptoms of patients with primary SS, in studies developing the Profile of Fatigue and Discomfort (PROFAD) and Sicca Symptoms Inventory (SSI). It was suspected that a single

The team behavior literature is ambiguous about the relations between members’ interpersonal processes—task debate and task conflict—and team performance. From a social influence perspective, we show why members’ interpersonal processes determine team performance over time in small groups. Together, over time, dissenting in-group minorities who share information (via debate) with majorities, who s

The utilization of tungsten spectroscopy for diagnostics of magnetically confined fusion plasmas requires the radiative properties of tungsten ions to be accurately known. At the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, a program to gather spectroscopic data on tungsten ions has been initiated with the purpose to study spectral signatures and identify candidate fusion plasma diagnostics. In this pa