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For the purpose of this deactivation study, Pt- and vanadia supported catalysts were used. The catalysts have been exposed to aerosol particles of inorganic salts, with high- or low melting points. The average diameter of the generated salt particle was kept constant at around 70 nm. The aerosol particle penetration depth for the samples exposed to potassium salt, was 1 μm as measured by scanning
New methods for spectrophotometric alkalinity measurement, dissolved hydrogen monitoring and for obtaining a fingerprint of the microbial community were evaluated as tools for process monitoring in anaerobic digestion. The anaerobic digestion process was operated at organic loading rates of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5g volatile solids l-1d-1 and subjected to pulse loads of carbohydrate, lipid, protein and a
Should an inflation-targeting central bank have an explicit tolerance band around its inflation target? This paper provides an answer derived from the Swedish experience. The Riksbank is exceptional in the sense that it first adopted and later abolished an explicit band and is currently considering bringing it back. We conclude that the band should be explicit for several reasons. Most important, Should an inflation-targeting central bank have an explicit tolerance band around its inflation target? This paper provides an answer derived from the Swedish experience. The Riksbank is exceptional in the sense that it first adopted and later abolished an explicit band and is currently considering bringing it back. We conclude that the band should be explicit for several reasons. Most important,
The central question addressed in this thesis is how to make the free-electron laser (FEL) more efficient. In recent years, coherent diffraction imaging provides an important motivation for efficiency enhancement. This is because a more efficient FEL process enables converting a larger fraction of the electron beam's power into optical power. By increasing the average optical power to the terawattThe central question addressed in this thesis is how to make the free-electron laser (FEL) more efficient. In recent years, coherent diffraction imaging provides an important motivation for efficiency enhancement. This is because a more efficient FEL process enables converting a larger fraction of the electron beam's power into optical power. By increasing the average optical power to the terawatt
It is, with the thermal models used in today's building simulation progr¿rms,possible to calculate the major part of the heat transfer in a room with an ambientouter wall. However, there are some parameters these models calculatewith less or unknown accuracy: heat flows in poorly insulated walls or windows,heat flows in a room exposed to strong solar radiation, temperatures onthe inside of ambientAn ambient wall with a window were studied with both theoretical analyses and measurements performedunder conditions with natural climate. The method used wes to estimate the heat flow through wall and windowfrom measured temperatures and solar radiation. The longwave radiation was calculated from surface temperatures. The convective heat transfer was caculated as the difference between the heat f
Random graph theory is an important tool to study different problems arising from real world.In this thesis we study how to model connections between neurons (nodes) and synaptic connections (edges) in the brain using inhomogeneous random distance graph models. We presentfour models which have in common the characteristic of having a probability of connectionsbetween the nodes dependent on the dis
Today, in vitro (Latin: in glass) meat researchers strive to overhaul meat production technologies by producing meat outside animal bodies, primarily by culturing cells. In the process, meat should become healthier, more environmentally friendly and kinder to animals. In this article, I scrutinize (and problematize) this promissory discourse by examining the world that proponents envision alongsid
06-methylated guanine dinucleotides were used to study the influence of hydrogen bonding on the specific binding of the antitumor drug cDDP, cis-PtCl2(NH3)2, to DNA. In this interaction, the guanine-06 site appears to be important in explaining the preference for a pGpG-N7(1),N7(2) chelate, which results from H-bridge formation with the ammine ligand of cDDP. Guanine-06 methylated dinucleotides an06-methylated guanine dinucleotides were used to study the influence of hydrogen bonding on the specific binding of the antitumor drug cDDP, cis-PtCl2(NH3)2, to DNA. In this interaction, the guanine-06 site appears to be important in explaining the preference for a pGpG-N7(1),N7(2) chelate, which results from H-bridge formation with the ammine ligand of cDDP.Guanine-06 methylated dinucleotides and
The JUNGFRAU 4-megapixel (4M) charge-integrating pixel-array detector, when operated at a full 2 kHz frame rate, streams data at a rate of 17 GB s-1. To operate this detector for macromolecular crystallography beamlines, a data-acquisition system called Jungfraujoch was developed. The system, running on a single server with field-programmable gate arrays and general-purpose graphics processing uni
In 2015, following a series of sub-regional consultations, 109 states endorsed an Agenda for the Protection of Cross-Border Displaced Persons in the Context of Disasters and Climate Change. Although active in supporting the consultative process and notwithstanding their endorsement of this ‘Protection Agenda’, the European Union and its Member States promote ‘effective practices’ in the global SouIn 2015, following a series of sub-regional consultations, 109 states endorsed an Agenda for the Protection of Cross-Border Displaced Persons in the Context of Disasters and Climate Change. Although active in supporting the consultative process and notwithstanding their endorsement of this ‘Protection Agenda’, the European Union and its Member States promote ‘effective practices’ in the global Sou
The article presents an empirical study of informal leadership in an international high-tech company. The empirical work consisted of qualitative observation and shadowing of managers in the company, and a total of 14 interviews. The transcribed fieldnotes and audio recordings of observations and interviews were analyzed thematically, resulting in three central themes: informality, information basThe article presents an empirical study of informal leadership in an international high-tech company. The empirical work consisted of qualitative observation and shadowing of managers in the company, and a total of 14 interviews. The transcribed fieldnotes and audio recordings of observations and interviews were analyzed thematically, resulting in three central themes: informality, information bas
This article aims to explore how policy translation and institutional legacies have shaped South Korean parental leave policies between 1995 and 2021. It draws on a document analysis of central political documents and interviews with a number of key policy actors in South Korea. The findings show that reforms of parental leave policies were implemented according to four major rationales: maternity
Train delays are often monitored using lag indicators of achieved punctuality levels, but indicators can also be used proactively as lead indicators to help reach a certain level of punctuality. In this paper, two lead indicators – the share of delayed dwell times and the share of delayed run times – are formulated and tested on Swedish commuter train data for the years 2001-2020. Results show tha
Key performance indexes (KPIs) in various forms have always been used in one way or another in the production and processing of raw materials. The need for KPIs was accentuated with the advent of industrialism in the western world. The way and strategy of manufacturing industrial products has been divided into several so-called developmental transformations. Primarily after the depression of the 1
Ultrasound optical tomography enables noninvasive characterization of tissue and lesions up to 5 cm below the skin surface, by enhancing diffuse optical tomography with ultrasound focusing resolution and an increased number of measurement points. For optimal clinical imaging, it is essential to be able to reconstruct tissue optical properties in real time during in vivo measurements, and therefore
Background: Despite substantial progress in the field of mass spectrometry, there remain barriers to measuring the extracellular vesicles (EVs) proteome in blood plasma. Recent work has shown that isolating EVs can make it possible to detect proteins that have low abundance in plasma. Commonly used EV isolation methods either require large sample volumes and long ultracentrifugation times, or else
