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In this work, we present a ridged, microfabricated, force sensor that can be used to investigate mechanical interactions between cells exhibiting contact guidance and the underlying cell culture substrate, and a proof-of-function evaluation of the force sensor performance. The substrates contain arrays of vertical pillars between solid ridges that were microfabricated in silicon wafers using photo
This article by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition summarizes available information on the effects of adding prebiotic oligosaccharides to infant and follow-on formulae. Currently there are only limited studies evaluating prebiotic substances in dietetic products for infants. Although administration of prebiotic oligosaccharides has the potential to increase the total number of bifidobacteria in f
The aim of this study was to optimize the use of BMD measurements in case finding strategies. The use of clinical risk factors with and without BMD was explored in a random sample of the Sheffield female population greater than or equal to75 years of age. The use of clinical risk factors alone could identify women well above or well below a threshold of fracture risk. BMD assessment can be confine
BACKGROUND. With a substantial rise in the incidence of skin cancer, skin surgery has become an increasingly large part of dermatology. Skin surgery is best performed by dermatologists. This demands effective training in dermatologic surgery, including flap surgery. OBJECTIVE. To find a modern alternative to traditional training on pig's feet skin in teaching flap surgery to residents in dermatolo
A shoreline to deep basin correlation chart for the middle Silurian coupled extinction-stable isotopic event is presented. The chart is a first attempt to synthesise new stratigraphic, faunal and stable isotopic data, as well as diversity changes among organic-walled microplankton (acritarchs), from the Grotlingbo-1 and Hunninge-1 cores on Gotland (Sweden), along with previously published data fro
Cutting tool spontaneous failure such as, edge fracture and chipping are common phenomena in the metal cutting process, especially when difficult workpiece materials which have poor cutibility are met in the machining process. The tool failures are often caused by high mechanical and thermal stresses acting in it. Monitoring stresses acting in a cutting edge during machining process can provide mo
The goal oriented framework (GOF) for indicators has been developed as part of a comprehensive research project developing computerised tools for integrated assessment of the effects of new policies or technologies on agricultural systems (SEAMLESS-IF). The ambition has therefore been to create an indicator framework where the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainable developmen
A mathematical model for through drying of paper at constant pressure drop was developed. The model is based on physical properties; hence, basis weight, pressure drop, drying air temperature, pore size distribution, initial gas fraction, and tortuosity are important input parameters to the model. The model was solved for different combinations of the variables basis weight, drying air temperature
Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with a sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) as the proton-conducting phase were fuel cell evaluated at varying temperatures in over-humidified conditions. The sPSU was prepared by a direct polycondensation involving a commercially available sulfonated naphthalene diol monomer. The gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) and MEAs were successfully fabricated and a thorough mor
A theoretical analysis of the microdialysis ethanol technique in skeletal muscle is presented, and a model governing the transport of ethanol from the microdialysis probe to the capillaries in the muscle tissue is proposed. The model is derived under the assumption of a steady-state situation, and an analytical solution is found for the outflow-to-inflow ratio of ethanol in the perfusate. Theoreti
A new theoretical approach to two-photon transition intensities at the multiconfigurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) level of theory, is described in detail. The fundamental property of an MCSCF wave function, that it is possible to define the response equations for an excited state, is a prerequisite. The method requires solely first-order multiconfigurational response calculations, because
This paper capitalizes on the types of portrayal of the event in recommendations of prime drinking time using data from wine tasting notes. It argues that the weakly deontic nature of recommendation fosters semantic middles, not only the middle construction proper such as This beauty should drink well for 10–12 years, but recommendation as such is characterized by a mid-degree of transfer of actio
Complex intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans require rigorous quality assurance tests. The aim of this study was to independently verify the delivered dose inside the patient in the region of the treatment site. A flexible naso-gastric tube containing thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) was inserted into the oesophagus via the sinus cavity before the patient's first treatme
Determination of pK(a) values of titrating residues in proteins provides a direct means of studying electrostatic coupling as well as pH-dependent stability. The B1 domain of protein G provides an excellent model system for such investigations. In this work, we analyze the observed pK(a) values of all carboxyl groups in a variant of PGB1 (T2Q, N8D, N37D) at low and high ionic strength as determine
Active duplicate PgiC genes in sheep's fescue, Festuca ovina, are associated with a PCR marker of specific length (about 370 bp, of which 231 are in an intron). Using this marker, the frequency of plants with duplicate genes is estimated to be about 10% in a population from southern Sweden. The close molecular similarity between the electrophoretically different duplicated genes is in accordance w
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a 188 amino acid, 25 kDa protein belonging to the lipocalin protein superfamily. Although predominantly associated with high density lipoprotein, apoM is found in all major lipoprotein classes. To facilitate clinical studies of apoM, we have developed a sandwich ELISA for the measurement of apoM in human plasma. This method has been used to investigate normal apoM variat
gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) is an unusual amino acid that is synthesized post-translationally from glutamate in a vitamin K-dependent reaction. The dicarboxylic side chain of Gla chelates Ca(2+), a property important for the biological activity of vitamin K-dependent proteins. To date, Gla-containing polypeptides have been identified in venom from two groups of organisms: elapid snakes, and s
A seventh-order accurate and extremely stable algorithm for the rapid computation of stress fields inside cracked rectangular domains is presented. The algorithm is seventh-order accurate since it incorporates basis functions, taking the asymptotic shape of the stress fields close to crack tips and corners into account at least up to order six. The algorithm is stable since it is based on a Fredho
1. Hormone-mediated maternal effects and developmental plasticity are important sources of phenotypic variation, with potential consequences for trait evolution. Yet our understanding of the importance of maternal hormones for offspring fitness in natural populations is very limited, particularly in non-avian species. 2. We experimentally elevated yolk testosterone by injection of a physiologica
