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The physician’s communication skill influences the patient’s mental and physical wellbeing, as well as the physician’s own experience of stress. Most patients wish to be informed about their disease, by physicians who are honest, gives time, sustains hope, listens and shows compassion and empathy. Even though there are established guidelines on how to break bad news, the physician must find out an

Background: A palliative cancer diagnosis in a parent has a major impact on many aspects of their children’s lives. Studies show that professionals in the oncological field do not seem to offer relatives, in general, much attention. Aim: to explore how doctors and social workers handle children of cancer patients in order to understand the possibilities and difficulties in supporting children in s

This chapter focuses on taxation in Africa since 1900. Using existing data and insights from the literature, the chapter documents taxes collected by colonial and post-colonial states, exploring what was taxed, the types of taxes, the tax revenue patterns and the socio-political contexts shaping taxation policies. It begins by discussing the fundamental principles of taxation and forms of direct a

(E)valuative technologies such as standards and conventionalized (e)valuative practices, some including the use of technological devices, govern the production of food in the global north. Food supply chains consist of multiple interrelated markets, where goods are (e)valuated to distinguish their qualities and prices. Qualities and prices that are transformed as the raw materials move through the

Studies on cultural evolution from archaeology, neuroscience and cognitive semiotics have shown the role of tool making for development of novel cognitive capabilities in early humans. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that tool making was a cognitive threshold from nonhuman primates to hominins. Tool making begun with rudimentary skills for tool production based on motor patterns, learned soc

Malafouris (2013) proposes that agency is an emergent product of the relational ontology of our material engagement. However, I suggest a distinction between meaning and agency for a better understanding of our relational ontology with things. Meaning is the payoff of the relational ontology, meaning emerges when an agent act within the world. Agency is the capability to act, signify, produce and

The performance of HVAC equipment, including chillers, is continuing to be pushed to theoretical limits, which impacts the necessity for advanced control logic to operate them efficiently and robustly. At the same time, their architectures are becoming more complex; many systems have multiple compressors, expansion devices, evaporators, circuits, or other elements that challenge control design and

Fragmentation refers to the plurality and differences among institutions in the contemporary, decentralized global governance system. Global sustainability governance is a prime example for fragmentation: lacking a central authority, sustainability governance is addressed by myriad institutions across international, national, regional and local spheres. This creates opportunities for synergies but