Sökresultat

This data package contains high accuracy CO2 dry air mole fractions from 58 ICOS and non-ICOS European observatories at in total 132 observation levels, collected by the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC) and provided by the station contributors. The package is part of the Globalviewplus v8.0 data product, released in 2022 and is intended for use in carbon cycle inverse modeling, model evaluati

Popular Abstract in Swedish När vi äter kolhydrater, fett, protein och andra näringsämnen sker kemiska reaktioner i kroppen som kan liknas vid dom som sker när man eldar en brasa. Vid förbränning reagerar kolhydrater med syre och bildar koldioxid och vatten. Denna förbränning frigör den energi som funnits lagrad i kolhydraterna, i brasan i form av värme, och i kroppens celler omvandlas den till keNADH:quinone oxidoreductase, or complex I, is a large, complex and poorly understood bioenergetic enzyme in the respiratory chain of living organisms. The enzyme has a conserved core structure, comprising fourteen protein subunits: Seven subunits protrude from the membrane and contain a flavin prosthetic group and eight iron-sulfur clusters that guide electrons from the oxidation of NADH towards t

European forests are being shaped by active human use and management, and by harvesting of wood in particular. Yet, our understanding of how forests are harvested across Europe is limited, as the real harvest regimes are not well described by currently available data. Here, we analyse recent harvests, as observed in permanent plots of forest inventories in 11 European countries, totaling to 182,64

Rates of tree mortality are increasing globally, with implications for forests and climate. Yet, how and why these trends vary globally remain unknown. Developing a comprehensive assessment of global tree mortality will require systematically integrating data from ground-based long-term forest monitoring with large-scale remote sensing. We surveyed the metadata from 466 865 forest monitoring plots

Tree recruitment forms an essential process in forest growth models as it determines the amount and composition of the next generation of trees and, hence, the provision of forest ecosystem services over long time spans. With global change and the hereby associated changes in environmental conditions and forest management adaptations, the common static tree recruitment modelling approaches have be

The Amazon rainforest is highly biodiverse and has the largest extent of the remaining intact tropical forests in the world. To this day, undisturbed tropical forests act as a carbon sink by taking up about 15% of anthropogenic carbon emissions per year. However, in the past decades, a declining trend in the carbon sink capacity in the Amazon rainforest has been observed due to increased carbon lo

Dispersal barriers have demographic, evolutionary and ecosystem-wide consequences. With ongoing changes in the environment, it is likely that some dispersal barriers will disappear while others will appear, and it is crucial to understand these dynamics to forecast species distributions and adaptive potential. Here we review recent literature on the ecological and evolutionary aspects of dispersal

The spatial imprint of forest disturbances, which can result from a variety of anthropogenic and natural causes, is important in shaping the form and function of the world’s forests. However, we lack a systematic assessment of how the forms of forest disturbances differ globally, which could help in sustainable forest policy and management initiatives to protect forest biomes. Here we produce a gl

Increasing water stress is emerging as a global phenomenon, and is anticipated to have a marked impact on forest function. The role of tree functional strategies is pivotal in regulating forest fitness and their ability to cope with water stress. However, how the functional strategies found at the tree or species level scale up to characterise forest communities and their variation across regions

Tree growth and longevity trade-offs fundamentally shape the terrestrial carbon balance. Yet, we lack a unified understanding of how such trade-offs vary across the world's forests. By mapping life history traits for a wide range of species across the Americas, we reveal considerable variation in life expectancies from 10 centimeters in diameter (ranging from 1.3 to 3195 years) and show that the p

Forests have seen a strong greening trend worldwide, and previous studies have attributed this mainly to land-use conversions such as afforestation. However, for the greening of existing forests, the role of human interventions is unclear. Here we paired neighboring natural and planted forests in Southern China to minimize the differences between the forest types and analyzed the vegetation index

This study analyzes the relationship between drought processes and crop yields in Moldova, together with the effects of possible future climate change on crops. The severity of drought is analyzed over time in Moldova using the Standard Precipitation Index, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, and their relationship with crop yields. In addition, rainfall variability and its re

Environmental changes and their effects are among the most pressing topics of today's ecological research. Shrublands, although widespread across the globe, remain understudied in this respect. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 81 shrubland sites subjected to experimental warming, shifts in precipitation (e.g. increased precipitation and drought), and nitrogen addition to quantify seven types

Avoiding severe global warming requires large-scale removals of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Forest regeneration offers cost-effective carbon removals, but annual rates vary substantially by location and forest age. Here we generate grid-level (~1-km2) growth curves for aboveground live carbon in naturally regrowing forests by combining 109,708 field estimates with 66 environmental covariates. Acro

Quantifying the spatial and temporal patterns of drought characteristics is crucial, given the increasing frequency and intensity of drought events over the past 20 years in China. However, the patterns of drought frequency and duration in different regions and their differences remain unclear. Traditional indices for detecting and quantifying droughts, such as the Standardized Precipitation Evapo

Aim: This study investigated how human activities and local environmental variables shape tree assemblages (species composition in a defined location), comparing their effects on edible and inedible tree species. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Environmental filtering impacts spatial beta-diversity more than dispersal limitation; (2) human activities significantly influence regional tree beta-di

Aim: The sweeping transformation of the biosphere by humans over the last millennia leaves only limited windows into its natural state. Much of the forests that dominated temperate and southern boreal regions have been lost and those that remain typically bear a strong imprint of forestry activities and past land-use change, which have changed forest age structure and composition. Here, we ask how

Topography determines run-off direction, redistributes groundwater, and affects land surface solar radiation loads and the associated evaporative forcing, consequently, topography can modulate the impact of drought and heat waves on ecosystems. This topographic modulation effect, which typically occurs at the local scale, is often overlooked when assessing ecosystem drought responses using moderat