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The aim of this WaterWarmth project Work Package 6.1 report is to present a number of relevant frameworks available to analyse and/or assess the governance of current heating systems and future energy system innovation, in particular with a focus on aquathermal energy (AE) systems. At the basis of the report was a broad survey of the academic and other literature by project researchers on ways to

The concentration of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in lakes is strongly influenced by climate, land cover, and topographic settings, but it is not known how drought may affect the relative importance of these controls. Here, we evaluate the controls of CDOM during two summers with strongly contrasting values of the Palmer drought index (PDI), indicating wet vs. dry conditions. We hypothe

With the continuous increase of rapid urbanization and population growth, sustainable urban land-use planning is becoming a more complex and challenging task for urban planners and decision-makers. Multi-objective land-use allocation can be regarded as a complex spatial optimization problem that aims to achieve the possible trade-offs among multiple and conflicting objectives. This paper proposes

Accurate maps of past land cover and human land use are necessary for studying the impact of anthropogenic land-cover changes, such as deforestation, on the climate. The maps of past land cover should ideally be separated into naturally occurring vegetation and human-induced changes, thereby enabling the quantification of the effect of human land use on the past climate. We developed a Bayesian hi

Enhancing forest drought resilience is important for preserving ecosystem services in the face of climate change, but operational management methods for boreal forests aiming to preserve ecosystem services under drought are still largely missing. This study explores the use of satellite remote sensing to monitor vegetation stress phases related to drought progression and to quantify both short- an

Forests are invaluable terrestrial ecosystems with considerable economic, ecological, and environmental benefits. Bark beetles have been recognized as one of the major causes of forest disturbance, and climate change can exacerbate their impact, leading to more tree mortality. Early detection of bark beetle attacks is vital to reduce forest loss and devastating consequences. This study examines th

Many proteins consist of folded domains connected by regions with higher flexibility. The details of the resulting conformational ensemble play a central role in controlling interactions between domains and with binding partners. Small-Angle Scattering (SAS) is well-suited to study the conformational states adopted by proteins in solution. However, analysis is complicated by the limited informatio

The “Green Sahara” is a period when North Africa was characterized by vegetation cover and wetlands. To qualitatively identify the orbital-climatic causation of the Green Sahara regime, we performed dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) simulations, driven by climate forcings from coupled general circulation model (EC-Earth) simulations for the mid-Holocene, in which the vegetation is prescribed to

Realistic depictions of past land cover are needed to investigate prehistoric environmental changes, effects of anthropogenic deforestation, and long-term land cover-climate feedbacks. Observation-based reconstructions of past land cover are rare, and commonly used model-based reconstructions exhibit considerable differences. Recently, Pirzamanbein et al. (2018, 10.1016/j.spasta.2018.03.005, Spati

Understanding the transition of biosphere‐atmosphere carbon exchange between glacial and interglacial climates can constrain uncertainties in its future projections. Using an individual‐based dynamic vegetation model, we simulate vegetation distribution and terrestrial carbon cycling in past cold and warm climates and elucidate the forcing effects of temperature, precipitation, atmospheric CO2 con

The prevalence of radiographic signs of gonarthrosis and its relation to knee injuries were studied in 286 former soccer players-215 nonelite and 71 elite players-and were compared with 572 age-matched controls with a mean age of 55 years. The prevalence of gonarthrosis among the nonelite players was 4.2%, among the elite players 15.5%, and among the controls 1.6%. Seven of the soccer players had

This paper contains a theoretically and empirically based analysis of infrastructures and co-operational patterns in a Scandinavian Internet consulting company. The purpose of the analysis originated from the hypothesis that Web-based Information Systems could especially facilitate work in distributed organisations, this as a platform for supporting collaboration, communication and co-ordination w

Climate policy is a relatively young and dynamic area of public policy making. However, its development has attracted far more attention than the results it delivers in practice, which of course are the concern of policy evaluators. This article attempts to provide the first systematic cataloging of the emerging patterns of policy evaluation undertaken in different parts of the European Union. The

Signal transduction pathways are crucial for the regulation of a very wide variety of cellular functions ranging, for example, from translation to intercellular communication, and from metabolism to apoptosis. Protein kinases and phosphatases, together with their binding partners, are key players in these cascades. They also form a substantial part of the genes in genomes and proteins in proteomes