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I Laval målet så höll Domstolen fast att fackförbund ska hållas ansvariga för överträdelser av EU-rätten i form av blockering av den fria rörelsen för tjänster. Den här uppsatsen har som mål att undersöka det juridiska ansvaret för fackförbund och andra organisationer som är skilda från staten och som kan utöva statsliknande krafter – det jag kallar semi-statliga organisationer. De utövar vid tillIn the Laval case the Court set firm that trade unions should be held responsible for transgressions of EU law in the form of obstructing the freedom to provide services. This paper has the aim to investigate the legal responsibility of trade unions and other organisations separate from the state that can still wield state-like powers – what I call quasi-governmental organisations. They wield the

Registered- and community health nurses in municipal home care (hereafter referred to as home care nurses) have a demanding job that is special compared to other forms of healthcare. The work is mobile, and care in the field is often carried out in solitude. At the same time, the patients being cared for often have complex care needs, requiring cooperation and interaction. Contact with colleagues

In the cell, γ-tubulin establishes a cellular network of threads named the γ-string meshwork. However, the functions of this meshwork remain to be determined. We investigated the traits of the meshwork and show that γ-strings have the ability to connect the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial DNA together. We also show that γ-tubulin has a role in the maintenance of the mitochondrial network and functIn the cell, γ-tubulin establishes a cellular network of threads named the γ-string meshwork. However, the functions of this meshwork remain to be determined. We investigated the traits of the meshwork and show that γ-strings have the ability to connect the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial DNA together. We also show that γ-tubulin has a role in the maintenance of the mitochondrial network and funct

Drug attitude inventory (DAI-30) is considered to be the best predictor of poor adherence in first-episode schizophrenia. We compared the short version (DAM 0) with DAI-30 in long-term schizophrenia, documented if DAI was associated with poor insight, PANSS and GAF and constructed DAI-10 percentiles. DAI-30 and DAI-10 were homogenous (r = 0.82 and 0.72, respectively) with good test-retest reliabil

Caveolae are 50-100nm large invaginations in the cell membrane that are considered to play roles in receptor signaling. Here we aimed to investigate the expression and distribution of the arginine-vasopressin (AVP) V1a receptor and its functional dependence on caveolin-1 (Cav1) in the mouse urethra. Female Cav1 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were used, and urethral preparations were micro-d

Recent data suggest that platelets not only control thrombosis and hemostasis but may also regulate inflammatory processes such as acute pancreatitis. However, the specific role of platelet-derived mediators in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis is not known. Herein, we examined the role of CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) in different models of acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced

BACKGROUND: Most patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) experience mild, self-limiting disease with little or no need for hospital care. However, 20-25% of patients develop a more severe and potentially life-threatening condition with progressive systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiorgan failure, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Predicting disease severity at an

We have entered a monumental era in terms of realizing the impact of biodiversity loss on our everyday lives. We suffer from the consequences of biodiversity loss due to overexploitation of natural resources as we continue failing to restore biodiversity. One of the major consequences of biodiversity loss is the emergence of global pandemics. We are in urgent need of realizing the full potential o

UX is now an acknowledged business process across several industries. Having grown out of Human Factors, Human-Computer Interaction and Interaction Design, UX is increasingly witnessing scholarly attention outside these historical roots. However, this popularity of UX also seems to have caused a broadening of the UX concept – where several non-UX professional roles and perspectives now shape its m

An overlooked feature in astronomy education is the need for students to learn to extrapolate three-dimensionality and the challenges that this may involve. Discerning critical features in the night sky that are embedded in dimensionality is a long-term learning process. Several articles have addressed the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) simulations in astronomy education, but they have neith

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Previous studies have suggested that CRP (C-reactive protein) could serve as a biomarker candidate as well as a prognostic factor in glioblastoma patients, and we here further investigate its potential role. Materials and methods: Publicly available datasets were used to compare gene expression between brain sampl

Depending upon the cellular and physiologic context, the overexpression of the MYC proto-oncogene results in rapid cell growth, proliferation, induction of apoptosis and/or proliferative arrest. What determines the precise consequences upon MYC activation is not clear. We have found that cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is required by MYC to induce apoptosis. MYC-induced apoptosis was suppressed i

Clinical implementation of anti-stromal therapies in pancreatic cancer has been delayed by unanticipated tumor-restraining properties of the desmoplastic stroma. In confronting these challenges, Chen et al. demonstrate in this issue of Cancer Cell that fibroblast-specific deletion of collagen I, in the background of oncogenic Kras-induced spontaneous murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, enhanc