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Background: Understanding the relationship among changes in Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), patient outcomes, and probability of progression is crucial for evaluating the long-term benefits of disease-modifying treatments. We examined associations among changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stages and outcomes that are important to patients and their care partners including activities of daily livin

BACKGROUND: Randomized controlled trials relatively consistently show that restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion strategies are safe and associated with similar outcomes compared to liberal transfusion strategies in critically ill patients. Based on these data, the general threshold for RBC transfusion was changed to 70 g/L at a 9-bed tertiary level intensive care unit in September 2020. Im

Background Patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage who are receiving factor Xa inhibitors have a risk of hematoma expansion. The effect of andexanet alfa, an agent that reverses the effects of factor Xa inhibitors, on hematoma volume expansion has not been well studied. Methods We randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, patients who had taken factor Xa inhibitors within 15 hours before having an a

Background: Healthy lifestyles are inversely associated with the risk of noncommunicable diseases, which are leading causes of death. However, few studies have used longitudinal data to assess the impact of changing lifestyle behaviours on all-cause and cancer mortality. Methods: Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, lifestyle profiles of 308,497 ca

Background: Risky sexual behavior (RSB) is one of the major youth sexual and reproductive health problems globally, including in Ethiopia. RSB among youth increases the risk of HIV infection, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unintended pregnancy, and unsafe abortion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine RSB and its associated factors among university students in Ethiopia. M

När den globala marknaden ökar och e-handeln utvecklas blir lageraktiviteterna alltmer viktiga för företag. Lager i sig adderar inte något extra värde på de produkter eller varor som lagras i dem, utan generar enbart värde till kunder genom att kunna erbjuda de produkter som de efterfrågar i rätt tid, i rätt kvantitet och kvalitet. Således blir det viktigt för företag att studera processerna i ettThe warehouse activities have become more important as the global market increases and the e-commerce develops. Warehouses do not add any extra value to the items that are stored in them, but only to customers by providing them with their orders at the time they want it, in the right quality and in the right amount. This leads to the importance of studying the processes in a warehouse, and how the

This master thesis project was performed in collaboration with Johnson Matthey. Johnson Matthey is a worldwide company working with sustainable technologies. The site in Perstorp, where this work was performed, focus on formaldehyde production. In order to continuously improve chemical processes, simulation and modeling are advantageous tools. They can give a better understanding of the processes

Aircraft observations of precipitating clouds with cloud top temperatures higher than -38°C have revealed that Secondary Ice Production (SIP) is responsible for presence of majority of ice particles. One such SIP mechanism is fragmentation via collisions between ice particles. The central theme of this study is to understand the dependencies of this SIP mechanism and improve its existing numerical

Background The two main functional goals of postural control are postural stability (balance) and postural orientation. Postural orientation is the ability to maintain alignment between body segments and the environment during a static or dynamic activity. Nae et al. have evaluated the measurement properties of a clinical test battery for assessing postural orientation errors (POEs) in patients wi

Given the current societal and political developments in Germany, the visibility and integration of-marginalized is essential to ensure their inclusion in mainstream society. One way of encouraging-contact between majority and marginalized groups is through building social networks, of which-informal and nonformal educational activities play an important part. This thesis examines the-experience o

A voluntary EU law was implemented in 2022, which allowed communicative services to monitor all sent messages on their platforms in search of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) online. Its proposed successor, infamously called ‘Chat Control 2.0’, expanded these ideas further, demanding communicative services to monitor all sent messages and stored emails in search of CSAM. As the discussions of th

BACKGROUND: Accurate risk stratification in older adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) is essential but challenging due to atypical presentations and age-related physiological changes. While vital signs are central to triage, their predictive value for short-term mortality in this population remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between initial vital signs and

Background: Opioid use disorder is a chronic disorder with a high risk of overdose-related morbidity and mortality where a large proportion of these can be averted by timely administration of the antidote naloxone. For naloxone to be present when and where overdoses occur, broad-scale overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) must be established. A regional naloxone program was implement

BACKGROUND: Prior research has established a positive association between the single-measured triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and hypertension. Nevertheless, longitudinal studies addressing the enduring impact of TyG index on incident hypertension are lacking. This study sought to explore the association between cumulative TyG index (cum-TyG) and incident hypertension, especially obesity-related

AIMS: Metformin has hitherto not been proven superior to other type 2 diabetes (T2D) medications for the prevention of organ complications. The aim of this study is to report baseline data and blinded interim analyses in the register-based randomised clinical trial (RRCT) SMARTEST, which compares metformin and the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in early T2D. We also present learnings from the novel

Background: Various plasma phosphorylated tau species have been shown to be associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) PET and Tau PET in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but whether APOE ε4 affects the interaction between glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and phosphorylated tau (pTau), and whether a three-way interaction exists among APOE ε4, GFAP, and pTau that influences AD progression remain unclear. Method

BACKGROUND: Differences in cardiac sarcoidosis between racial groups remain understudied. Therefore, this study aims to explore race differences in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Cardiac Sarcoidosis Consortium, an international registry including over 25 centers. The primary clinical outcome was a composite end point of all-cause mortality, left ventricular a

BACKGROUND: The period immediately following psychiatric inpatient care is recognized as a time of elevated risk of suicide, yet little is known about factors that influence how soon suicide occurs after discharge.AIM: To examine the timing of suicide among persons after psychiatric discharge and identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with a shorter time to death by suicide.METH

The criteria for Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (BRUE) are used to stratify the risk in infants presenting with apneic episodes. However, these criteria often classify a high proportion of infants as higher risk. This study aimed to investigate the etiology of apneic episodes, particularly those compatible with BRUE, and to assess whether age ≤60 days is associated with serious underlying condi