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On 14 November 2012 the new EU-directive 2012/27/EU was published in the Official Journal of the European Union. In the directive there is a requirement, among others, for individual consumption meters for heat and hot water to be installed by 31 December 2016 in multi-apartment buildings. Individual consumption meters had earlier been found to create a saving behavior due to the tenants being cha
Spel om pengar utgör en riskfylld del av dagens samhällshandel. Överdrivet spelande och de negativa konsekvenserna av spelande ämnas motverkas genom spelansvarsåtgärderna i spellagen (2018:1138). En av dessa ansvarsåtgärder är kreditförbudet, 14 kap. 8 § spellagen, som förbjuder licenshavare och spelombud från att själva erbjuda eller lämna kredit för spelinsatser. Regeringen har nyligen i prop. 2Gambling constitutes a risky aspect of today’s modern economy. Excessive gambling and the negative consequences of gambling are indented to be countered through the gambling responsibility measures in the Swedish Gambling Act (2018:1138). One of the responsibility measures is the credit ban, Chapter 14 Section 8 of the Gambling Act, which prohibits license holders and gambling agents from offering
Rent-seeking does not occur in an empty room, rent-seekers act within an institutional framework. Neither does this framework exist in an empty room, it rests on laws and regulations that are the result of action taken by a variety of agents. When one agent takes steps to change the framework to benefit herself, she will also change the conditions for other agents, some for the better and some for
PurposeTo explore the cultural embeddedness of (un)welcome experiences among ethnically marginalized consumers in retail spaces.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on Arjun Appadurai's notion of the ethnoscape, the study is empirically grounded in critical-incident interviews with consumers from multiethnic backgrounds in Sweden.FindingsThree dimensions through which (un)welcome is negotiated are i
Abstract in Undetermined Liquid food production often involves continuous processing. This leads to problems in traceability systems due to mixing zones and therefore indistinct batch identities causing difficulties with regard to withdrawals or recalls. This article outlines the possible use of the concept of dynamic simulation to improve the handling of batch identities in continuous production
Uppsatsen presenterar de två vanligaste fallen av konkurrerande kollektivavtal. I avsaknad av lag har fråga om konkurrerande kollektivavtal främst reglerats genom rättspraxis. Uppsatsen presenterar hur gränsdragningsavtal tillsammans med prejudicerande domar till viss del har skapat en förutsägbarhet inom rättsområdet konkurrerande kollektivavtal. Det uppstår frekvent frågor om konkurrerande kolleThe essay presents the two most common cases of competing collective agreements. In the absence of law, the legal field of competing collective agreements is primarily regulated through case law. The essay presents how boundary agreement together with precedents produced by the labour court, to some extent has created a predictability in the legal field of competing collective agreement. There are
I nuläget har vi levt med covid-19-pandemin och dess medföljande restriktioner, rekommendationer och budskap i över ett år. De konstant återupprepade budskapen kring ämnet har resulterat i att människor tröttnat på att följa restriktioner och uppmärksamma informationen, vilket WHO beskriver som pandemic fatigue. Samtidigt har denna trötthet, som kan leda till att människor väljer att ignorera elleAs of now, we have lived with the Covid-19 pandemic and its accompanying restrictions, recommendations and messages for over a year. The constantly repeated messages about the same topic has resulted in people tiring of following restrictions and paying attention, which is what the WHO describes as pandemic fatigue. Meanwhile, fatigue such as this, which could lead to people choosing to ignore or
Mediated mega-events are essentially projects of belonging: about imagining communities and about creating attachment to such collective selves. However, events like the Olympic Games are not only an opportunity for states to reinforce official constructions of belonging but can also be sites for the articulation and dissemination of contesting identity narratives. This article investigates Russia
Användarmedverkan har de senaste åren fått ett allt större fokus i systemutvecklingsprojekt, detta för att organisationer har insett att de behöver involvera användarna för att skapa acceptans. Den här studien har undersökt användarmedverkan ur både kund- och konsultperspektiv, det vill säga att vi har genom kvantitativa och kvalitativa undersökningar tagit reda på hur kunder och konsulter vill bl
En betydande andel av Sveriges företag utgörs idag av fåmansföretag, vilka spelar en avgörande roll för den svenska samhällsekonomin. Det är av stort värde att skapa goda förutsättningar för ägarskiften i befintliga fåmansföretag som möjliggör att upparbetade värden i företag med tillväxtpotential tillvaratas. Fåmansföretag omfattas idag av ett särskilt fördelningssystem, de s.k. 3:12 – reglerna. A significant proportion of Sweden's business currently consists of small companies with few employees, but these companies play a critical role in the Swedish economy. It is crucial to create good conditions for the transfer of ownership within existing private businesses and safeguard growth potential. These close companies are subject to a special regulation, the so called 3:12- rules. The
Det finansiella systemet spelar en central roll i ekonomin. Särskilt banker innehar en viktig roll i allokeringen av finansiella resurser och intar en central position i betalningsmekanismen för hushåll, företag och myndigheter. Störningar i enskilda finansiella institut kan snabbt spridas till övriga institut och till det finansiella systemet som helhet. En krissituation kan snabbt radera förtroeThe financial system plays a central role in the economy. In particular banks play a key role in the allocation of financial resources and occupies a central position in the payment mechanism for households, businesses and governments. Disruptions in individual financial institutions can quickly spread to other institutions and to the financial system as a whole. A crisis can further quickly erase
The past 23 years of post-socialist restructuring of health system funding and management patterns has brought many changes to small Balkan markets, putting them under increasing pressure to keep pace with advancing globalization. Socioeconomic inequalities in healthcare access are still growing across the region. This uneven development is marked by the substantial difficulties encountered by loc
In this paper I address two concerns with Kelly Trogdon’s grounding mechanism view, i.e. the idea that metaphysical explanation can be modeled on causal-mechanical explanation. The first concern threat-ens to undermine the unity that grounding-mechanical explanations imposes on metaphysical explana-tion; and the second concern requires the grounding mechanic to put forth a formal condition on grouIn this paper I address two concerns with Kelly Trogdon’s grounding mechanism view, i.e. the idea that metaphysical explanation can be modeled on causal-mechanical explanation. The first concern threatens to undermine the unity that grounding-mechanical explanations imposes on metaphysical explanation; and the second concern requires the grounding mechanic to put forth a formal condition on ground
Anslagstavlan is a neglected but important part of Sweden’s modern audiovisual heritage. The purpose of this media historical and digital humanities project is to study the aesthetic, narrative and rhetorical development of audiovisual government information on Swedish television. While much research has been devoted to the Swedish public service model, wherein regulated independence from the gove
Anslagstavlan is a neglected but important part of Sweden’s modern audiovisual heritage. The purpose of this media historical and digital humanities project is to study the aesthetic, narrative and rhetorical development of audiovisual government information on Swedish television. While much research has been devoted to the Swedish public service model, wherein regulated independence from the gove
In Sweden, the municipalities play a key role in climate change adaptation since they have the main responsibility for the physical planning. One way for the municipalities to adapt the society to a changing climate is to use so-called blue-green solutions in the physical planning. Blue-green solutions, such as ponds, swales and trees, use underlying ecosystem services to deliver a range of benefi
In this study we compare different volatility models on their ability to forecast one day ahead volatility and value-at-risk (VaR). We compare five different GARCH specifications: GARCH, IGARCH, GJR-GARCH, EGARCH and APARCH, as well as EWMA, each paired with six different conditional distributions. These models are used to forecast volatility and VaR one day ahead using daily return data from the
Klimatförändringarna med stigande havsnivåer gör att förutsättningarna för vårt byggande måste förändras i kustnära områden. Länsstyrelsen i Skåne har fattat ett beslut om att mark under +3 meter över havet döms ut för bebyggelse. Kommunerna vid kusten får då mycket svårt att expandera, och vill därför kunna hitta eventuella lösningar för att kunna bygga i utsatta lägen. En möjlig lösning är att aWith the climate change sea levels are rising which changes the boundary conditions for sites along the coast. The County Administrative Board of Skåne has decided that new buildings should be built at least 3 meters above sea level. Because of this decision the coastal municipalities have problems with expanding further, and are really keen on finding alternative solutions in order to allow build
In the media there is a lot of talk about the shortage of housing. The purpose of this paper is to understand what the concept of housing shortage means and to examine how officials, both public and private define the concept. The study also investigates what shortcomings that interviewed informants identify with the Swedish housing system. The study is conducted with a qualitative approach and th
