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Retrons and Novel Defense Systems Show Activity Against Bacteriophages Bacteria employ a wide array of defense systems against viruses(phages). These defense systems are diverse and novel systems are constantly being uncovered. Retrons are one such example of recently discovered defense systems; although they were discovered in the 1980s, they have only recently been found to play a role in phage

This project examines why local materials matter and the main elements to consider when making sustainable designs. Iceland is heavily relying on import because of the scarcity of raw natural local materials. In the main natural materials require less energy and water use as they are less processed and consequently become a more sustainable choice. However importing natural materials significa

Denna studie tar avstamp i den tudelade akademiska debatten kring vilka potentialer och fallgropar det finns för tillfällig användning av stadens mellanrum, och har syftat till att undersöka hur Institut for (x) har lyckats upprätthålla sin tillfälliga användning av Godsbanearealerne i Aarhus över en längre tidsperiod. Genom intervjuer med representanter för Institut for (x) och Aarhus kommun, harAgainst the backdrop of a divided academic debate on the potentials and pitfalls for temporary use of urban space, this essay aims to explore how Institut for (x) as a temporary use project has been able to maintain their use of Godsbanearealerne in Aarhus over a longer period of time. This has been done through interviews with representatives of Institut for (x) and Aarhus municipality, where the

Med äktenskapet följer en ekonomisk gemenskap mellan makar i form av giftorätt. När äktenskapet upphör, genom död eller skilsmässa, ska den ekonomiska gemenskapen makarna emellan upplösas. Avtalsfriheten mellan makar är omfattande. Äktenskapsbalkens bodelningsregler, där likadelning utgör en grundläggande princip, sätter annars en yttre ram. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka arvs- och bodelnWith marriage comes an economic community between spouses in the form of marital property. When the marriage ends, either through death or divorce, the economic community between the spouses should be dissolved. There is extensive freedom of contract between spouses. However, the rules of division of property in the Marriage Code, where equal division is a fundamental principle, provide an externa

Emerging multiculturalism in China's metropolitan areas implies people's frequent engagement in intercultural contacts and, therefore, creates a need for a mutual acculturation between the migrants and the host society. This research aimed to contribute to the study of immigrant adjustment in China by exploring the patterns of dietary acculturation among Russian immigrants residing in Beijing. The

One-dimensional semiconductor nanowires are a promising candidate for future electronic devices. The epitaxial growth of nanowires is often mediated by metal seed particles, usually gold particles. In this paper the setup of a simple and robust technique to generate nanometer-sized aerosol gold particles by spark discharge is described. Furthermore we demonstrate for the first time that particles

Digital gameplay is now firmly embedded in everyday practices in many Scandinavian homes. This paper deals with the constitution of such practices in families by taking a closer look at the material objects essential to play and their role in the “design of everyday life” (Shove et al 2007). It uses ethnographic method and anthropological practice theory to attend to the domestic spaces of leisure

Recent theories predict phase separation among orientationally disordered active particles whose propulsion speed decreases rapidly enough with density. Coarse-grained models of this process show time-reversal symmetry (detailed balance) to be restored for uniform states, but broken by gradient terms; hence, detailed-balance violation is strongly coupled to interfacial phenomena. To explore the su

Public participation has gradually gained a stronghold within development theory during the last three decades. Researchers, policy-makers and aid workers share the belief that inclusion of beneficiaries in the development process is a prerequisite for purposeful and sustainable development of rural communities. The purpose of this thesis is to examine if participatory development leads to empower

There are many good practice examples in sustainable tourism, but the difficulty is how they can be transparently measured, monitored and disseminated. The study aims to develop a measurement system for good practice in sustainable tourism, meanwhile to make some contribution to the monitoring and reporting system. In order to accomplish this, the thesis allocates good practice examples into a Sus

This thesis aims to explore the relevance of identities for the support of democracy in Ukraine. It elaborates on the assumption that the identity's construction affects which ideas are embraced and sets out to test whether a civic as opposed to ethnic identity construction would correlate with the embracing and pursuit of the idea of democracy. Material gathered during a Minor Field Study - i

In this thesis, pp collisions were simulated using PYTHIA. D+ D- and D0 D0bar balance functions were created in order to contribute with a reference point for future balance functions measured in real data from Pb-Pb collisions. Charm balance functions are important since the charm quark can act as a probe of the QGP, probing the first instances after a collision. The balance functions were create

During the last few years increased focus has been given to environmental and social issues due to worldwide changes in the weather and temperature, in some cases leading to natural disasters and dramatic changes in everyday life. Media and politicians have begun to address related problems, acknowledging the fact that human impact on nature is a real problem that poses as a threat to our future.

Corruption is at present costing the European society enormously amounts, in forms of money and in relation to social, economic, political and legal development. Democracy is viewed as one of the fundamental pillars of the European Union, which additionally has been one of the Union’s highest priorities since its foundation. One aspect that may be hindering the increasing of democracy is a state’s

För att en person ska kunna dömas för ett brott krävs det att denna har handlat med uppsåt eller i vissa fall oaktsamhet. För att uppsåt ska föreligga ska handlingen ha varit medveten och det ska finnas ett kausalsamband mellan denna och dess följd. Uppsåtsbegreppet är indelat i tre grader: avsiktsuppsåt, insiktsuppsåt och likgiltighetsuppsåt och de är graderade i den ordning de räknades upp med dResearchers who studied alcohol dependence in humans have come to the conclusion that alcoholism affects the brain's neurotransmitters, which means that the brain can begin to function differently about exposing the large amounts of alcohol over a long period of time. An addiction to alcohol is hard to recover from, with many severe withdrawal symptoms as a result. In the current legal situati

Med näsa för kyla: hudtemperatur och köldreception hos hundar Förmågan att känna temperatur är viktigt för att kunna identifiera behagliga samt undvika farliga temperaturer. Hittills har forskningen kring hur däggdjur uppfattar, för oss, smärtsamt kalla temperaturer lett till fler frågor än svar. En av orsakerna till detta är sannolikt att försöksdjuren som normalt används inom temperaturforskniSensing temperature is important for identifying preferable temperatures and avoiding dangerous extremes. The cold pain limit of mammals in general is estimated to approximately 12 °C. I reasoned that such a skin temperature is unlikely to be sustainable in colder climates and studied cold-adapted dogs in northern Sweden using thermography. Skin temperature on the rhinarium (naked nose tip) was 2.

The main research problem in this thesis is the lack of a holistic understanding of how neo-patrimonialism, colonial legacies, decentralisation, illiberal peace-building and the revitalisation of traditional reconciliation practices have affected conflict, peace and development in North Maluku Province (NMP). This is important to study, given the negative impacts inherent in the conflict-developme