We have studied hybrids between Rubus idaeus and various members of R. sect. Corylifolii, primarily in Sweden. With the help of DNA-ploidy level determinations using flow cytometry and microsatellite DNA analysis of over 500 samples, we show that the material can be divided into four stable apomictic species (belonging to subsect. Subidaei) and a large number of primary hybrids. Stable species can

Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that causes systemic infections in immunosuppressed patients. In order to deal with the changing environment during commensalism or infection, C. albicans must reprogram its proteome. Characterizing the stress-induced changes in the proteome that C. albicans uses to survive should be very useful in the development of new antifungal drugs. We studied the C. al

BACKGROUND: Contact allergy to oxidized (ox.) linalool and ox. limonene has been reported to have a high prevalence, raising the question of inclusion into the baseline series. However, several important issues should be clarified and further investigated before inclusion can be warranted.OBJECTIVES: To report the trends of ox. terpenes allergy in patients with dermatitis, features of the patch te

Unwanted facial hair is a common problem and requires different grooming regimens or treatments. Shaving beard hair can cause undesirable skin effects, such as irritation, razor burn, razor nick, and pseudofolliculitis barbae. This study explores male behaviors related to shaving facial hair and the consequential effects on the shaved skin. A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional, analytical study

Animals flying in the wild often show remarkable abilities to negotiate obstacles and narrow openings in complex environments. Impressive as these abilities are, this must result in costs in terms of impaired flight performance. In this study, I used a budgerigar as a model for studying these costs. The bird was filmed in stereo when flying through a wide range of gap widths from well above wingsp

BACKGROUND: Limited evidence exists to guide the management of patients with liver metastases from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The aim of this retrospective multicentre cohort study was to describe patterns of disease recurrence after liver resection/ablation for SCC liver metastases and factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). METHOD: Members of the Eur

The demand for availability of efficient and safe contraceptive methods is strengthened by the predic-tions made by the United Nations regarding the future growth of the human population. So far, women are not only the main victims of the unsafe procedures related to terminating unwished pregnancies but do also carry the main responsibility for family planning. There is a significant desire among

This chapter is an attempt to assess how the turn to history has affected the ways in which war is understood within the study of international relations. After briefly describing what has been at stake in the recent turn to history, the chapter explores how war has been conceptualized in some prominent works within historical international relations. I argue that three things have happened to the

The Roman Republic expanded and evolved into the Roman Empire. Institutions and impulses from this evolution conditioned nations, shaped states and affected the nature of modern interstate history; indeed, effects of ancient Rome - the Republic as well as the Empire - are still visible in the ordering institutions and in the conflict lines of contemporary International Relations. This chapter, fir

The building blocks of Titan and Enceladus are believed to have formed in a late-stage circumplanetary disk (CPD) around Saturn. Evaluating the evolution of the abundances of volatile species in this disk as a function of the migration, growth, and evaporation of icy grains is then of primary importance to assess the origin of the material that eventually formed these two moons. Here we use a simp

Aromatic side chains are attractive probes of protein dynamic, since they are often key residues in enzyme active sites and protein binding sites. Dynamic processes on microsecond to millisecond timescales can be studied by relaxation dispersion experiments that attenuate conformational exchange contributions to the transverse relaxation rate by varying the refocusing frequency of applied radio-fr

Ammonia is regarded as a potential carbon-free alternative fuel. To have a better understanding of its combustion characteristics, development of feasible techniques for ammonia detection in combustion environments is essential. In the present work, planar laser-induced photofragmentation fluorescence (LIPF) was developed for quantitative measurements of ammonia in hot gas flows. A 193 nm ArF exci

Urbanisation is proceeding at an alarming rate which forces wildlife to either retreat from urban areas or cope with novel stressors linked to human presence and activities. For example, urban stressors like anthropogenic noise, artificial light at night and chemical pollution can have severe impacts on the physiology of wildlife (and humans), in particular the immune system and antioxidant defenc

In this paper we derive error estimates of the backward Euler–Maruyama method applied to multi-valued stochastic differential equations. An important example of such an equation is a stochastic gradient flow whose associated potential is not continuously differentiable but assumed to be convex. We show that the backward Euler–Maruyama method is well-defined and convergent of order at least 1/4 wit