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We use a nested-grid version of the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model, constrained by isoprene emissions from the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), and the Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS) bottom-up inventories, to evaluate the impact that surface isoprene emissions have on formaldehyde (HCHO) air-mass factors (AMFs) and vertical column densit

BACKGROUND: Established risk factors for pancreatic cancer include smoking, long-standing diabetes, high body fatness, and chronic pancreatitis, all of which can be characterised by aspects of inflammatory processes. However, prospective studies investigating the relation between inflammatory markers and pancreatic cancer risk are scarce. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study within th

This note summarizes many detailed physics studies done by the ATLAS and CMSCollab orations for the LHC, concentrating on processes involving the production of high mass states. These studies show that the LHC should be able to elucidate the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking and to study a variety of other topics related to physics at the TeV scale. In particular, a Higgs boson with coupl

A new criterion is applied for characterization of the kinetic design of enzymes that should be favoured by a selective pressure in the direction of increased metabolic reaction flux. According to this criterion, the selectively favoured state of a metabolic sequence of enzyme reactions conforming to Michaelis-Menten kinetics is identical with the uniform one which is known to optimize reaction fl

Background: Cellular interactions elicited by Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein antigen 1 (PfEMP1) are brought about by multiple DBL ( Duffy binding like), CIDR ( cysteine-rich interdomain region) and C2 domain types. Elucidation of the functional and structural characteristics of these domains is contingent on the abundant availability of recombinant protein in a soluble form. A

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the total direct medical costs to society for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden and to investigate how different factors, for example diabetic late complications, affect costs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data regarding health care utilization, clinical characteristics and quality of life, were collected at a single time-point. Data on resource use cover the 6-month perio

Popular Abstract in Swedish Inför hjärtkirurgi är bedömning av en patients individuella nytta av och risk vid en hjärtoperation en viktig komponent i utredningen inför operationen. En riskstratifiering innebär att patientens olika riskfaktorer (exempelvis sockersjuka, högt blodtryck, antal tidigare hjärtinfarkter, hjärtfunktion) vägs samman till en sannolikhets-bedömning av risken för en viss händThe aims of this research was to compare different risk score algorithms with regard to their validity to predict 30-day and one-year mortality after open-heart surgery, to evaluate if the preoperative risk stratification model EuroSCORE predicts the different components of resource utilization in cardiac surgery, and to systematically evaluate the accuracy and performance of artificial neural net

Paper A investigates how to simulate a differentiated mean in cases where interchanging differentiation and expectation is not allowed. Three approaches are available, finite differences (FD's), infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) and the likelihood ratio score function (LRSF) method. We study FD's under discontinuities and show that the optimal decay rate of the mean square error is typical

Analysis of bioreactors is central for successful design and operation of biotechnical processes. The bioreactor should provide optimum conditions, with respect to temperature, pH and substrate condition, for example, besides its basic function of containment. The ability to control the substrate concentration is an important function of the bioreactor. The substrate concentration can be subject t

P>1. Bioassessment in running waters has focused primarily on the impacts of organic pollution on community structure. Other stressors (e.g. invasive species) and impacts on ecosystem processes have been largely ignored in many riverine biomonitoring schemes, despite being required increasingly by environmental legislation. 2. Exotic riparian plants can exert potentially powerful stresses by alter

Nutrients and other bioactive constituents of foods may interact with each other and the surrounding food matrix in complex ways. Therefore, associations between single nutrients and chronic disease may be difficult to identify and interpret, but when dietary patterns (DPs) are examined the combination of many food factors will be considered. An explorative literature search of published review ar

Ab initio calculations of low-lying electronic states of CrH are presented, including potential energies, dipole and transition dipole moment (TDM) functions, and radiative lifetimes for X (6)Sigma(+), A (6)Sigma(+), 3 (6)Sigma(+), 1 (6)Pi, 2 (6)Pi, 3 (6)Pi, and (6)Delta. Calculation of dynamic correlation effects was performed using the multistate complete active space second-order perturbation m

The Hampshire breed was introduced as the terminal sire in Swedish slaughter pigs in the 1970s, mainly to reduce stress susceptibility and associated problems of meat quality, such as the meat being pale, soft and exudative (PSE). Since then, however, the RN – allele, a mutation which is only found in pure-bred Hampshire and in crosses with it, has been discovered. In Sweden, approximately 65% of

Popular Abstract in Swedish The overall interest pursued in this thesis is how the former socialist economies of Central and Eastern Europe can build strong and dynamic systems of innovation. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the dynamics and evolution of the telecommunications system of innovation in Estonia from the late Soviet period to Estonia's EU accession, and to provide an in-depThe overall interest pursued in this thesis is how the former socialist economies of Central and Eastern Europe can build strong and dynamic systems of innovation. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the dynamics and evolution of the telecommunications system of innovation in Estonia from the late Soviet period to Estonia's EU accession, and to provide an in-depth explanation of how innova

A dual-band CMOS front-end was designed and fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The front-end employs a common-gate low noise amplifier (LNA) with capacitive cross coupling (CCC) technique and a passive mixer. The band selection is performed by switching a capacitor in and out of the LNA load, changing the resonance frequency between 2.2GHz and 4.0GHz. The measured noise figure is below 3.5dB fo

Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna avhandling är att utforska fenomenet vetenskapligt kritiskt tänkande, när det gäller dess olika innebörder, villkor och utveckling. Kritiskt tänkande studeras genom att analysera olika filosofiska och pedagogiska texter, utifrån ett hermeneutiskt-fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Avhandlingen som är skriven på engelska erbjuder läsaren en inblick i hur min egThe purpose of this thesis is to explore the phenomenon of critical thinking in scholarship as regards its meanings, conditions, and development using a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. This exploration takes its departure in ancient Greece, following a historical movement of the phenomenon up to present day perspectives on critical thinking, revealing a range of different meanings and condi

BACKGROUND: Butterflies of the subtribe Mycalesina have radiated successfully in almost all habitat types in Africa, Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent, Indo-China and Australasia. Studies aimed at understanding the reasons behind the evolutionary success of this spectacular Old World butterfly radiation have been hampered by the lack of a stable phylogeny for the group. Here, we have reconstruct

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling analyserar frågor som berör tillfälliga jobb på den svenska arbetsmarknaden under perioden 1990-1999. Ett viktigt bidrag i avhandlingen är att den stora gruppen tillfälliga jobb delas upp i mindre undergrupper för att ta i beaktande den heterogenitet som finns mellan olika former av tillfälliga jobb. En röd tråd som löper genom hela avhandlingen är fokuThis thesis analyses different aspects of temporary jobs in the Swedish labour market during 1991-1999. Throughout the thesis we put special focus on differences between the genders, and differences between native-born and foreign-born workers. In chapter 1, An Introduction to Temporary Jobs in Sweden, we describe the evolution of different types of temporary jobs in Sweden during the 1990s, we re

Accurate measurements of solute concentration are needed to conduct studies of solute transport process in unsaturated soil. In this paper we present a method of obtaining accurate measurements in and space using dye infiltration and image analysis. The soil color was related to the dye concentration in the soil (C-s) using 74 small calibration samples. The overall root mean square error (RMSE) 0.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kärnmagnetisk resonans (NMR) är en metod som bygger på att många atomkärnor uppför sig som mycket små magneter. Detta i sin tur beror på att kärnan beter sig som en liten roterande laddning. Man säger att kärnan har ett spinn, eller att kärnan är ett spinn. I min avhandling använder jag mig av en fantastisk egenskap hos kärnspinnen. Om man stör systemet kIn the work presented, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation is used to study wide range of systems. The thesis concerns solvent interactions studied with relaxation techniques that involve measurements at many fields, which allows the separation of individual relaxation mechanisms. The approach also makes it possible to characterize the involved dynamic properties in much greater detail. T