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The subject of this thesis is protein dynamics. Papers I--IV and VI study either of two different processes: mechanical unfolding and aggregation. Paper V presents a computationally efficient all-atom model for proteins, variants of which are used to perform Monte Carlo simulations in the other papers. Mechanical unfolding experiments probe properties of proteins at the single molecule level. The
The overall aim of this thesis is to examine how walking as a transport mode is constructed in the planning realm, affected by the built environment and perceived by the individual. This aim is related to the following research questions: (1) How are pedestrians and walking understood, constructed and perceived in the planning context? (2) How does individual traits and the built environment affec
There is a shortage of adequate, affordable shelter all over the world. Many households have shelter, but of unacceptable quality with respect to crowdedness, hygienic standard, indoor comfort, safety, security of land tenure, neighbourhood environment. Other families cannot afford their own shelter, but live with relatives or friends under very temporary conditions. Those who cannot afford the ho
Many medical schools and faculties are actively promoting scholarly inquiry into teaching and learning to improve education. The Faculty of Medicine at Lund University, Sweden, has developed a Teaching Academy with criteria for membership founded in Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). Furthermore, the Faculty arranges a conference in medical education and also organises courses to support
This paper deals with the question how urban crises – whether political, economic, financial, environmental or social – are defined, constructed, or discursively and materially appropriated by urban elites to serve their agendas of urban reform. Inspired by the work of Klein (2007), Smith (2005) and others, it will be argued that specific ‘emergency’ framings of urban decline, impoverishment, disa
Behovet av klimatreglering har ökat kraftigt sedan 1960-talet. Ett av skälen till detta är den ändrade byggtekníken, som innebär lättare konstruktioner med större inre värmebelastning från belysning, maskiner, personer och solinstrålning genom stora fönsterytor. De ökade värmebelastningarna kan klaras av med ett flertal olika klimatsystem. Dessa system kräver någon form av reglering. Under 1970-taResults from a research project supported by the Swedish Council for Building Research are reported. The main task was to improve climate control technology. The work was focused on digital control. It was split up into three main tasks: model building, design of regulators, and fullscale experiments. Several rooms, airducts, and heat exchangers were modelled. Simple dynamic models have been deriv
This paper presents the prospects of viewing sustainable mobility as a merger of seemingly opposing values and ideas into a coherent and fully emplotted myth. Myth, in this sense, is not a false story meant to amuse or discredit, but rather a story based on naturalised beliefs giving it the supremacy of the obvious. Through the process of emplotment, myths create internal logics that help relieve
Background: Worldwide, insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes is one of the most frequently diagnosed long-term endocrine disorders found in children and the incidences of this diseased is still increasing. In Sweden the routines are, according to national guidelines, when the child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, the child and its family remains at the hospital for about two weeks. There is limited
Protein dynamics on the microsecond-millisecond time scales often play a critical role in biological function. NMR relaxation dispersion experiments are powerful approaches for investigating biologically relevant dynamics with site-specific resolution, as shown by a growing number of publications on enzyme catalysis, protein folding, ligand binding, and allostery. To date, the majority of studies
Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, yet despite this, very little is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms. Initially it was thought to be a disease primarily involving loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Recent studies, however, have focused on observations that aggregated α-synuclein protein, the major component of
A novel set up composed of an anaerobic biofilm reactor followed by ozonation was used for treatment of artificial and real textile effluents containing azo dyes. The biological treatment efficiently removed chemical oxygen demand and color. Ozonation further reduced the organic content of the effluents and was very important for the degradation of aromatic compounds, as shown by the reduction of
In-situ nutrient sensors are now a proven technology. Having ion membranes eliminates the need for ultrafiltration, and consequently the sensors can be located at suitable places in any of the reactors. This gives the potential for new control structures for the control of nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. In the paper some examples of such controllers are demonstrated as use
This paper presents a study of phase noise in CMOS Colpitts and LC-tank oscillators. Closed-form symbolic formulas for the 1/f/sup 2/ phase-noise region are derived for both the Colpitts oscillator (either single-ended or differential) and the LC-tank oscillator, yielding highly accurate results under very general assumptions. A comparison between the differential Colpitts and the LC-tank oscillat
In this study linear free energy relationships (LFER) are applied to the relaxation of core-excited states in aliphatic CH3X compounds. There are at least two valence orbitals involved in Auger decay following C-CH3 1s -> sigma*(C-X) excitation, which may as well be localized on the substituents in this series. Therefore, the observed property cannot be strictly attached to the so-called reaction
The four surprisingly complex visual sensory organs of cubomedusae, the rhopalia, contain each six eyes of four morphologically different types, two of which are camera-type eyes. This means that the evolutionary basal nervous system of cubomedusae must process the visual signals received from a total of 24 rhopalial eyes. Since the neuronal organization of the rhopalia is obscure, the role of the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Njurarna spelar en central roll i de förändringsprocesser som anpassar kvinnans kropp till en graviditet. Många av de förändringar som sker mot slutet av en normal graviditet, påminner om de förändringar man ser vid preeklampsi, havandeskapsförgiftning, om än mindre uttalade. Preeklampsi är ett allvarligt risktillstånd som kan uppkomma under graviditet och en av de störThe kidneys play a pivotal role in the adaptive physiology of the pregnant woman, presenting some changes at term similar to the changes found in preeclampsia – a state of increased risk of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of these investigations was to explore possible similarities in blood pressure regulation, renal function and structure in normal term and preeclamptic pregna
In recent years the market for biopharmaceutical products has been increasing rapidly as a result of an increased demand for new and efficient treatments of various indications. Biopharmaceuticals are distinguished from chemical drugs by being derived from a biological origin and are hence, frequently constituting biological macromolecules. With the emergence of recombinant DNA technology, today m
Popular Abstract in Swedish Många material som ingår i tillverkade varor har kvar sina kvaliteter även när varorna är uttjänta. Men bara en liten del av dessa material återvinns idag på ett sätt som gör det möjligt att återanvända materialet för samma syfte och med bevarade egenskaper. I allmänhet har det industriella samhället fortsatt att praktisera en slit- och slängmentalitet, trots att det be
Popular Abstract in Swedish De personer som ingår i undersökningen har gemensamt att de har erfarenheter av flera års avancerat narkotikamissbruk, varit drogfria i minst två år samt att de idag är socialt integrerade. Det faktum att de lyckats sluta missbruka narkotika och idag lever "vanliga liv" innebär att de tillhör en grupp som hitintills fått mycket liten uppmärksamhet av missbruksforskningeAim of the study, background, theory and method The two aims of this study are to describe and analyse: i) how drug abusers have transformed their lives from the time when they did not use drugs, to becoming drug abusers, and finally leaving drugs behind them; and ii) what it means to be socially integrated with one's experience of having been a drug abuser. The women and men who participated in
