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An all digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) has been implemented in a 90-nm CMOS process. It uses a phase-frequency detector (PFD) connected to two time-to-digital converters (TDC). To save power the TDCs use delay line cells with uneven delay time. During frequency acquisition an automatic tuning bank controller selects active bank of the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), which features three s
Free radical polymerization of acrylate counterions to cationic alkyltrimethylammonium surfactant ions was performed in aqueous media. The results of the reactions were either formation, destruction or change of liquid crystalline surfactant structures, depending on the starting conditions such as the surfactant concentration, the content of inert counterions and the monomer-to-initiator ratio. Th
Hösten 1943 genomförde Socialstyrelsen rasbiologiska mätningar av mer än hundra svenskar som myndigheten ansåg var ”tattare”, däribland flera barn. Genom att mäta längden på näsor, armar och pannor ville myndigheten få fram ett objektivt sätt att avgöra vilka svenskar som borde kategoriseras på detta sätt. Målet var att skapa särskilda politiska åtgärder mot gruppen, som länge givits skulden för eSince the 16th Century, there has been Travelling families in Sweden, earning their living by itinerant trades such as horse-trading, scrap-metal-dealing and tinplating. The authorities often labelled these families “tattare”. They suffered from severe discrimination, and authorities as well as scientists claimed that they were a threat against society. These claims were often made with a racializ
Endovascular treatment had developed rapidly and the procedures have increased in complexity. The demand of imaging excellence is imperative to perform these interventions. However both pre and postoperative investigations are performed by the use of advanced three-dimensional imaging, while the treatment itself relies on two-dimensional imaging. With the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: I en mosse i södra Sverige, som heter Viss mosse, har fynd av trädstammar gjorts. Fynden gäller ek, bok och al. Denna horisont med trädstammar tyder på att miljön på mossen var förhållandevis torr när träden levde, eftersom det normalt sett är för blött på en mosse för att ekar och bokar ska kunna växa där. Kol-14-dateringar visar att träden dog för cirka 3 200 Findings of a tree stump horizon in Viss mosse, a raised bog in Scania, southern Sweden, indicate relatively dry conditions on the bog during the lifetime of the trees . 14C-datings show that the trees died about 3 200 years ago. Four peat cores were collected from the bog in order to investigate whether climatically induced water level fluctuations were responsible for establishemt and death of t
Internal migration has become debatable issue in China, since there are more and more migrant workers after social economic reform. Those migrant workers, attracted by better job opportunities in cities, have made great contribution for urban areas; but at the meantime they are suffering from restrictions caused by household system. In this thesis the main purpose is to figure out the links betwee
This thesis is about combining three archaeological themes; the interpretation of grave contexts, social identities and Iron Age jewellery has been given a place here. The aim was to discern which meanings and functions that can be connected to Migration Period bracteates in graves, and if so how they manifest in the context. Bracteates, small pendants dated to the Migration and Vendel periods, ha
Authors: Elin Copcutt and Jessica Holst Title: Stress eller kontroll? – En kvalitativ studie om socialsekreterarens syn på sin yrkesroll. Supervisor: Carina Tigervall This paper examines how six social workers from four local authority social services departments in the south of Sweden find their work situation. The idea for the subject matter came from the media where social workers often are
An engineer always strive to help in the continuous exploration of the unknown. By doing so we go further out in space and further down in scale. This is the case with microfluidics which in the last years have gotten a lot of attention. This thesis will examine and better try to understand and optimize a fluidic system that uses ultrasonic trapping. Its application may be everything from enrichin
What causes changes in management? This thesis attempts to explain governmental change in the Swedish emergency management and at the same time determine how these changes can best be explained. The Swedish emergency management has been reorganized several times over the past 30 years and it’s these reorganizations that form the basis for this study. The study is based on three different organizat
The objectives of this paper was to; examine if risk preferences are stable across different distribution contexts, in line with the prediction of the expected utility theory (EUT); if the range frequency theory (RFT) (Parducci, 1965) can account for observed choice behaviour in a hypothetical investment scenario; and lastly, analyse the potential factors that can account for the individual differ
Platform trials have become widely adopted across multiple disease areas over recent years, however, guidelines for operationalising these trials have not kept pace. We outline a series of documents that summarise the statistical components, and implicit processes, of the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial to provide an informal template for other researchers and reviewer
Contaminated sediments originating from dredging activities in a nuclear power plant site were placed in a pond, which has to be taken into consideration during the future decommissioning process. The sediments have to be handled to free release the site. The radionuclides Co-60 and Cs-137 were identified and the activity concentrations (Bq/kg) were quantified in the range of 10-6000 and 5-50 Bq k
AbstractThe present compilation thesis is divided into two sections, one for each of two separate methodological issues: reduction of random errors in mortality estimates and offsetting random variation related bias in data generated estimators of risk inequalities.Summary of section AIn regard to the first issue a new family of survival functions is proposed. Its purpose is to provide valid and rThe present compilation thesis is divided into two sections, one for each of two separate methodological issues: reduction of random errors in mortality estimates and offsetting random variation related bias in data generated estimators of risk inequalities. Summary of section A In regard to the first issue a new family of survival functions is proposed. Its purpose is to provide valid and reliabl
This study presents the results of a set of large-scale fire tests performed on horizontal polyurethane foam slabs. Slab thickness, ignition location, and environment (free burn or corner wall) were varied over 23 individual tests. In a continuation of a previous study by the authors, four different slab thicknesses, five different ignition locations, and three environmental modification combinati
IntroductionThe pulp and paper sector is a key global industry. Presently, pulp mills prioritize the production of pulp, fibers, and electricity. By transforming traditional pulp mills into lignocellulosic biorefineries, they can become a key element of a future, circular bioeconomy. To accomplish this, pulp mills need to close their loops and optimize the use of the lignocellulosic feedstock, not
Coherent tunneling processes of multiple Cooper pairs across a Josephson junction give rise to high harmonics in the current phase relation. In this work, we propose and study Josephson junctions based on semiconductor-superconductor-ferromagnetic insulator heterostructures to engineer nonsinusoidal current-phase relations. The gate-tunability of the charge carriers' density in the semiconductor,
We present an age model for the 651g€¯m deep ice core from Skytrain Ice Rise, situated inland of the Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The top 2000 years have previously been dated using age markers interpolated through annual layer counting. Below this, we align the Skytrain core to the AICC2012 age model using tie points in the ice and air phase, and we apply the Paleochrono program to obtain the bes
The concept of circular business models has been identified as an important enabler for companies moving towards circular practices. Circular business models help to prolong lifetimes of products and parts through successive cycles of reuse, repair, remanufacturing and closing material loops. To realise economic viability and reductions in environmental impacts from innovating towards a circular b
