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Electronic dynamics takes place on the attosecond timescale and can thus only be studied using a tool with attosecond temporal resolution. High harmonic generation (HHG) provides coherent attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet spectral region. The work presented in this thesis focuses on generating and characterizing ultrashort femtosecond pulses and using them for HHG, together with a gatin
We present the first public implementation of antenna-based QCD initial- and final-state showers. The shower kernels are 2 → 3 antenna functions, which capture not only the collinear dynamics but also the leading soft (coherent) singularities of QCD matrix elements. We define the evolution measure to be inversely proportional to the leading poles, hence gluon emissions are evolved in a p⊥measure i
Background Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries. Methods We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, popul
This case study investigates the implementation of a free-choice market system in community mental health services using the example of day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities. It was conducted in a major city that was about to implement a free-choice market system due to a new legislation that made it feasible. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted. Agents situated in di
I denna rapport redovisas populationstrender för 228 svenska fågelarter för olika långa tidsperioder. Vi visar också korttidstrender för 12 arter av större däggdjur. Fåglarna har räknats höst, vinter, vår och sommar enligt strikt standardiserade metoder. Sommar- respektive vinterpunktrutter har räknats sedan 1975, i huvudsak i södra Sverige. Standardrutterna räknas också på sommaren (sedan1996) meWe present the results of the Swedish Bird Survey, run by the Department of Biology, Lund University, as a part of the National Monitoring Programme of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The results for 2020 include data from: 564 winter point counts in 2019/2020 (45th winter), of which 274 were carried out during the Christmas/New Year count, 210 summer point count routes (46th year) an
One of the major open problems in complexity theory is proving super-logarithmic lower bounds on the depth of circuits (i.e., mathrm{P} nsubseteq text{NC}{1}). Karchmer, Raz, and Wigderson [13] suggested to approach this problem by proving that depth complexity behaves'as expected' with respect to the composition of functions f diamond g. They showed that the validity of this conjecture would impl
The main challenge in predicting structure-borne sound in wood buildings is to accurately model the vibration transmission between the source and the receiving room. Large variations in model parameters make it difficult to predict absolute vibration levels and to make conclusions regarding the relative effects of different designs. A step towards establishing reliable models is to investigate the
The concept of circular business models has been identified as an important enabler for companies moving towards circular practices. Circular business models help to prolong lifetimes of products and parts through successive cycles of reuse, repair, remanufacturing and closing material loops. To realise economic viability and reductions in environmental impacts from innovating towards a circular b
The fabrication of silk-based membranes that are stable, optically transparent and reusable is yet to be achieved. To address this bottleneck we have developed a method to produce transparent chromogenic silk patches that are optically responsive to pH. The patches were produced by blending regenerated silk fibroin (RSF), Laponite RD (nano clay) and the organic dyes neutral red and Thionine acetat
We present a qualitative physical model of the origin of two very brightUV lines of Fe II at 2507-2509 Å, present in high-resolutionspectra of gaseous condensations (blobs) close to the central star ofeta Carinae. The spectra have been obtained with the Hubble SpaceTelescope (HST). The model is based on a type of Bowen mechanism withselective photoexcitation of Fe II by a broad HLyalpha profile,ge
This study examined emotional influences on the hypothesized event-related potential (ERP) correlates of familiarity and recollection (Experiment 1) and the states of awareness (Experiment 2) accompanying recognition memory for faces differing in facial affect. Participants made gender judgments to positive, negative, and neutral faces at study and were in the test phase instructed to discriminate
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling diskuterar hur en föreställning om enhet har präglat västerländskt politiskt tänkande om politisk gemenskap. Den visar att ett antagande om likhet, återspeglad i tid, rum, språk och rationalitet, har setts som en förutsättning för politisk gemenskap. Antagandet om likhet innebär att varje försök att utvidga gemenskapen ger upphov till nya exkluderingar This thesis argues that the Western thinking of political community has assumed the community to require a unity or unifying principle that serves as delineation. It suggests that sameness, reflected in history, space, language, or reason, has been assumed as the condition of possibility of the political community. Consequently, a particular identity is made a prerequisite for membership and vouch
BACKGROUND: Those who die by suicide and suffer from depression are known to have made more suicide attempts during their life-span as compared to other people with depression. A behavioural sensitisation or kindling model has been proposed for suicidal behaviour, in accordance with a sensitisation model of depressive episodes. The aim of the present study was to test such a model by investigating
Firms proactive in environmental work and those pressured by their product chain have a list of restricted substances that they do not want their products to contain. But as environmental management issues progress, what are companies doing to reduce the use of these restricted substances? Brominated flame retardants used in cars, trucks and buses to improve fire safety are a rising public concern
The modern synthesis of genetics with evolution slanted our understanding of evolution and of ourselves by rejecting Darwin’s view of animals as participating in their own evolution. Defining evolution in terms of genetics, the modern synthesis indulges excessive individualism and distorted self-images as self-made. At the same time, such gene-centred thought, evoking images of master molecules ma
The role of gender relations in shaping technological transitions is widely acknowledged but remains understudied. This study uses historical data to analyze the gendering of early 20th century American cars and its impact. Previous research has argued that early electric vehicles were construed as a women's car, contributing to its demise. Other work has questioned to what extent automotive prefe
Context. While orbital analysis studies were so far mainly focused on the Galactic halo, it is possible now to do these studies in the heavily obscured region close to the Galactic Centre. Aims. We aim to do a detailed orbital analysis of stars located in the nuclear stellar disc (NSD) of the Milky Way allowing us to trace the dynamical history of this structure. Methods. We integrated orbits of t
Introduction: Understanding violent criminality and its impact on health and eventually the risk of premature mortality is important for efficient future interventions. This study aimed to explore the effect violent criminality had on premature mortality (i.e., death before the age of 65) among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods: The cohort was created by identifying all Swed
