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European identity based on the common religious and cultural history is very hard to argue for. Still, the guiding treaties in the European Union are mentioning the necessity to protect and preserve Europe’s religious, cultural and historical inheritance. This essay explains how this identification of Europe’s common inheritance is no more than a political construct, based on the same theories of
The need of a European immigration policy within the EU appear to be evident. Until fairly recently, immigration and asylum policy was strictly the concern of every national state but since the mid-80s, a clear intensification of cooperation has taken place. The measures taken in this field the last 15 years have been concentrated on exclusion of foreigners. The Single European Act introduced an a
In this thesis we study analytical and numerical methods which describe interactions and evolution of complex physical systems modeled by microscopic processes. We focus on two types of systems which are differentiated based on how modeling is taking place at the microscopic level. In that respect we study systems which can be described either by stochastic differential equations or by elementary
Sammanfattning Grundläggande mänskliga rättigheter är ett växande rättsområde, vilket illustreras av den ökande andelen mål med grund i mänskliga rättigheter vid Europeiska domstolar. Denna utveckling, i kombination med att rättighetskatalogen utvidgas och att de befintliga rättigheterna får en mer extensiv tolkning innebär oundvikligen att även mål där två mänskliga rättigheter ställs emot varandSummary Fundamental rights are an expanding area of law, which is demonstrated by the increasing number of cases in European courts drawing upon fundamental rights provisions. This development in combination with the expanding rights catalogue and a more extensive interpretation given to existing rights inevitably also leads to an increase in conflicts between fundamental rights. This issue has ho
Purpose: The inappropriate irrigation is accelerating the soil salinization in western irrigation districts of China. The amelioration of salinized land must be based on large amount of water content and salinity data. Plastic coated TDR has been designed to measure water content accurately in highly saline soil, but the soil bulk electrical conductivity cannot be measured due to the coated materi
The financial position of the medical insurance system of Japanese government has been worsened recently, and thus the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has prompted the medical reforms to reconstruct the financial balance of the medical insurance system. As one of these efforts, a fixed payment system for medical services based on “DPC” (Diagnosis Procedure Combination) was introduced to a nu
Previous studies about the trends and sources of PV soft cost reduction have only offered a limited understanding of systemic aspects that drive this development. Drawing on concepts of sectoral innovation system theory, this study analyzes the evolution of the German PV sectoral system since the early 1990s, focusing specifically on key processes associated with the deployment of building-sited P
We discuss thermal fluid-structure interaction processes, where a simulation of the time-dependent temperature field is of interest. Thereby, we consider partitioned coupling schemes with a Dirichlet-Neumann method. We present an analysis of the method on a model problem of discretized coupled linear heat equations. This shows that for large quotients in the heat conductivities, the convergence ra
A new perspective on the modelling of settling behaviour in water resource recovery facilities is introduced. The ultimate goal is to describe in a unified way the processes taking place both in primary settling tanks (PSTs) and secondary settling tanks (SSTs) for a more detailed operation and control. First, experimental evidence is provided, pointing out distributed particle properties (such as
Objectives: To analyse the section of Disclosure UK that pertains to healthcare professionals (HCPs) in order to provide insight into the database’s structure and content and suggest ways to improve its transparency.Design and participants; Cohort study of drug companies and HCPs in the 2015 and 2016 versions of Disclosure UK.Results: Companies report transfers of value (ToVs) to named HCPs or, wh
The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Task Forces (TFs) on Quality of Life (QoL) and Patient Oriented Outcomes, Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) present a review of the literature and position statement on health-related (HR) QoL assessment in skin cancer patients. A literature search was carried out to identify publications since 1980 that included information abo
Popular Abstract in Swedish Förmaksflimmer är den vanligaste rytmrubbningen i hjärtat. Man beräknar att 1-2% av befolkningen har förmaksflimmer. Förmaksflimmer blir vanligare med stigande ålder. Bland personer äldre än 75 år har 5-10% förmaksflimmer. Var fjärde person över 40 år riskerar att drabbas av förmaksflimmer någon gång i livet. Förmaksflimmer ger bl.a. en ökad risk för blodproppar och strAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in the general population, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Low-grade inflammation, erythrocyte volume variation, and subclinical atherosclerosis have repeatedly been associated with cardiovascular disease, but it remains unclear whether these risk factors are also associated with incident AF. This thesis is bas
The standard approach in computer-controlled systems is to sample and control periodically. In certain applications, such as networked control systems orenergy-constrained systems, it could be advantageous to instead use event-based control schemes. Aperiodic event-based control of first-order stochastic systems has been investigated in previous work. In any real implementation, however, it is nec
The regional sensitivity of different vascular beds to i.v. CGRP was investigated in the albino rabbit by using the microsphere method. Experiments were performed without pre-treatment on both conscious and pentobarbital-anaesthetized animals. In addition, in one series on conscious animals, rabbits were pre-treated with indomethacin in order to reduce the formation of prostaglandins. In another s
Popular Abstract in Swedish Läkaren har en viktig roll när det gäller att tillförsäkra människor vård på lika villkor. Mötet mellan läkaren och patienten präglas alltid av maktobalans. Studier världen över visar att invandrarpatienter är en sårbar grupp eftersom invandrare generellt har sämre tillgång till vård, sämre förutsättningar för hälsa och sämre hälsotillstånd jämfört med majoritetspopulatPhysician and patient do not meet as equals in the consultation. It is the responsibility of the physician to actively work for better communication in order to provide equitable health care for all individuals. Immigrant patients are a vulnerable group, shown in studies all over the world to have less access to care, fewer opportunities for health, and poorer health compared to majority populatio
The present report is about the fourth experiment in a series of five. This series concerns a longitudinal study of changing shapes of mind. Based on the assumption that mind is an emergent property of the processes that produce natural language expressions, mental development is discoverable through the Agent-action-Objective (AaO) mechanisms. The present study is focussing on the way in which th
ABSTRACT: Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is one process option for production of ethanol from lignocellulose. The principal benefits of performing the enzymatic hydrolysis together with the fermentation, instead of in a separate step after the hydrolysis, are the reduced end-product inhibition of the enzymatic hydrolysis, and the reduced investment costs. The principal drawba
In arid and semi-arid areas, hydrosphere and biosphere suffer maximal disturbance and impacts of mankind during the development and utilizing processes. These impacts interact with each other and exert hostile effect on the environment. The transformation of the ecological environment depends mainly on the exploitation of water resource, economic development and the relative balance of environment
Popular Abstract in Swedish Modern gastroenterologi är till stora delar helt beroende av resultat från gastrointestinal endoskopi och många av de sjukdomar som hänförs till denna specialitet kan också behandlas med modern endoskopisk och minimal invasiv teknik. Gastroskopi är förstahandsundersökning av patienter med såväl kroniska som akuta symptom från övre gastrointestinalkanalen. Den gastroskopChromoendoscopy, endoscopic tissue staining, is an adjunctive method using chemical agents applied to the mucosal surface in order to aid gastrointestinal endoscopic diagnosis and therapy. Acid producing mucosa in the GI tract may be visualized endoscopically by Congo red staining in combination with stimulation of gastric acid production. Congo red is a reactive indicator dye that changes color f
