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Lean body mass, consisting mostly of skeletal muscle, is important for healthy aging. We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. Twenty-one si
The problem of designing robust and noise-insensitive PI controllers for pressure-sensor based combustion-timing control was studied through simulation. Different primary reference fuels (PRF) and operating conditions were studied. The simulations were done using a physics-based, control-oriented model with an empirical ignition-delay correlation. It was found that the controllable region, in-betw
A full-scale inside out hollow fibre membrane module was operated in a pilot-scale water treatment plant in Sweden for a period of 12 months from August 2013 to July 2014. Liquid chromatography– organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) chromatogram indicated the membranes could effectively remove 86% of dissolved organic carbon and 92% of humic substances from the feedwater. Routine cleaning-in-place was
In a recent issue of Nature, Falkner et al. (2016) use chronic two-photon imaging, virus-based transsynaptic tracing, and dynamic calcium indicators to elegantly demonstrate extensive in vivo functional maturation and target-specific functional integration of transplanted embryonic mouse cortical progenitors into adult lesioned visual cortical circuits.
Intersectionality theory can contribute to epidemiology and public health by furthering understanding of power dynamics driving production of health disparities, and increasing knowledge about heterogeneities within, and overlap between, social categories. Drawing on McCall, we relate the first of these potential contributions to categorical intersectionality and the second to anti-categorical int
The number of nanoparticle-based products on the market is expected to increase considerably during the coming decades. For this to happen a solid supply of high-quality nanoparticles is needed. For metal nanoparticles no large-scale manufacturing method exists today but production using spark discharge generation is believed to be one of the most suitable candidates. Spark discharge generation of
The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize a nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and calcium sulfate bone substitute (NC) for cranioplasty. The NC was functionalized with low concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and zoledronic acid (ZA) and characterized both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies included MTT, ALP assays, and fluorescent staining of Saos-2 (human osteoblast
Abstract Sedentary behavior is defined as sitting or lying with low energy expenditure. Humans in industrialized societies spend an increasing amount of time in sedentary behaviors every day. This has been associated with detrimental health outcomes. Despite a growing interest in the health effects of sedentary behavior at work, associations remain unclear, plausibly due to poor and diverse methodSedentary behavior is defined as sitting or lying with low energy expenditure. Humans in industrialized societies spend an increasing amount of time in sedentary behaviors every day. This has been associated with detrimental health outcomes. Despite a growing interest in the health effects of sedentary behavior at work, associations remain unclear, plausibly due to poor and diverse methods for ass
Background: Low-dose opioids can relieve breathlessness but may be underused in late-stage COPD due to fear of complications, contributing to poor symptom control. Objectives: We aimed to study the period prevalence and indications of opioids actually prescribed in people with end-stage COPD. Methods: The study was a longitudinal, population-based study of patients starting long-term oxygen therap
Background Lifestyle exposures play a major role in the development of disease, yet people vary in their susceptibility. A critical step towards precision medicine is identifying individuals who are resilient or sensitive to the environment, and, assess whether the allocation to these predicted groups are more or less likely to develop cardiometabolic disease.Methods We have used repeated data fro
Understanding the critical soil moisture (SM) threshold (θcrit) of plant water stress and land surface energy partitioning is a basis to evaluate drought impacts and improve models for predicting future ecosystem condition and climate. Quantifying the θcrit across biomes and climates is challenging because observations of surface energy fluxes and SM remain sparse. Here, we used the latest databas
NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is collecting spaceborne full waveform lidar data with a primary science goal of producing accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass density (AGBD). This paper presents the development of the models used to create GEDI's footprint-level (~25 m) AGBD (GEDI04_A) product, including a description of the datasets used and the procedure for fi
Vapor phase infiltration into a self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) to create a hybrid material in one of the constituent blocks can enhance the etch selectivity for pattern transfer. Mul- tiple pulse infiltration into carbohydrate-based high-χ BCP has previously been shown to enable sub-10 nm feature pattern transfer. By optimizing the amount of infiltrated material, the etch selectiv- ity shoul
The MEDIM study reports that Immigrants from the Middle East to Sweden – independently of other diabetes related risk factors – have a twice as high type 2 diabetes risk as compared to non-immigrated Swedes. Diabetes onset occurs 6 years earlier in this group and is partly explained by family history and/or obesity. But the MEDIM study has identified that Middle Eastern background per se is an ind
Hardware implementing spiking neural networks (SNNs) has the potential to provide transformative gains in energy efficiency and throughput for energy-restricted machine-learning tasks. This is enabled by large arrays of memristive synapse devices that can be realized by various emerging memory technologies. But in practice, the performance of such hardware is limited by non-ideal features of the m
Background: Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for outpatient management of cystitis. Previous evidence suggests that certain factors likely beyond the infection seem to influence the choice of antimicrobial treatment. However, studies on the specific antibiotic treatments for cystitis are lacking. This study aimed to explore the antibiotic treatments for cystitis using nationwide primary healthc
