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Perinatal factors including high birth weight have been associated with childhood brain tumors in case-control studies. However, the specific contributions of gestational age and fetal growth remain unknown, and these issues have never been examined in large cohort studies with follow-up into adulthood. We conducted a national cohort study of 3,571,574 persons born in Sweden in 1973-2008, followed
Soot, which is produced from biomass burning and the incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels, has been linked to regional and global climate change and to negative health problems. Scientists measure the properties of soot using a variety of methods in order to quantify source emissions and understand its atmospheric chemistry, reactivity under emission conditions, interaction with solar
En kurskedja för undervisning i människa/teknik-interaktion håller på att byggas upp på Lunds universitet. Stora insatser har gjorts för att anpassa de ingående kurserna till varandra t ex genom att se till att de verkligen bygger vidare på varandra och genom att minimera överlappande kursmoment. Mycket arbete kvarstår fortfarande men allt tyder på att den färdiga kurskedjan kommer att producera s
Many parents perceive the urban environment as hazardous for their children and therefore prescribe and circumscribe young people’s access to the environment (Malone, 2001). Consequently, spontaneous unregulated play in neighbourhood spaces is decreasing as children are primarily encouraged to participate in regulated play environments in their homes, friends houses and commercial facilities. Simu
Throughout this thesis, samples of various materials with applications in energy converting devices have been prepared by focused ion beam machining and investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Energy converting devices can be solar cells or light emitting diodes, which turn light into electricity or vice versa. They can also be fuel cells or electrolyzer cells, which turn chemical energy
Driver applications are increasingly used in professional driving to support route planning, order management, documentation, and communication. When drivers need to read, interpret, or interact with information in close proximity to driving, these systems can also create visual, manual, and cognitive distractions, increasing traffic safety risk. This master's thesis was conducted in collabora
Bacterial infection and hemorrhage remain significant clinical challenges for chronic wounds, despite advancements in antimicrobial strategies and materials. Herein, 980 nm-laser-responsive photothermal conjugated polymers (CPs) are combined with chitosan-based cryogels (CP@Gel) to achieve rapid hemostasis and efficient anti-infectious performance. CP nanoparticles (CP NPs) were prepared by nanopr
NaOH and NaCl vapor are key alkali compounds released during the thermal conversion of high-alkali coal and municipal solid waste, and their accurate measurement is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of ash deposition, slagging, and other related issues. However, in-situ and species-specific measurement techniques with high sensitivity for NaOH and NaCl molecules in hash combustion environme
Market-based instruments have become a widely used approach to motivate landowners to conserve forests instead of clearing them. However, such market-based instruments are increasingly criticized for their simplistic view on complex environmental, social and economic issues; for their ethical stance; and for creating exchange value for essential ecosystems services, which potentially perpetuates a
Energy relay dyes (ERDs) have been investigated previously as a mean to achieve panchromatic spectral response in dye-sensitized solar cells via energy transfer. To reduced the distance between the ERDs and energy-accepting injection dyes (IDs) on the surface of a mesoporous titanium dioxide electrode, the ERDs were immobilized adjacent to the IDs via a sequential functionalization approach. In th
The advent of Java and similar languages on the real-time system scene necessitates the development of efficient strategies for scheduling the work of a garbage collector in a non-intrusive way. We propose a scheduling strategy, time-triggered garbage collection, based on assigning the collector a deadline for when it must complete its current cycle. We show that a time-triggered CC with fixed dea
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The etiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is poorly understood. Reduced lung function, expressed as low forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and low forced vital capacity (FVC), is a predictor of cardiovascular disease, but whether reduced lung function is a risk factor for SAH is not known. The association between lung function and incidence of SAH was invest
For a system with interacting quantum mechanical particles in a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, a trial wavefunction with simple structure based on the solution of the corresponding two-particle system is suggested and tested numerically.With the inclusion of a scaling parameter for the distance between particles, at least for the very small systems tested here the ansatz gives a very good es
Arterial stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and can be assessed by applanation tonometry by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIX) by pressure pulse wave analysis (PWA). As an inexpensive and operator independent alternative, photoelectric plethysmography (PPG) has been introduced with analysis of the digital volume pulse wave (DPA) and i
Objective To investigate the association between caesarean section and later endometriosis. Design A prospective cohort study. Setting The Swedish Patient Register (PAR) and the Swedish Medical Birth Registry (MBR). Sample Women who were delivered in Sweden between 1986 and 2004. Methods Women with the diagnosis of endometriosis, defined as codes 617 (International Classification of Diseases, nint
