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This thesis describes an extended flamelet approach for modelling of soot formation in turbulent hydrocarbons diffusion flames. Detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms are used to compute species concentrations, temperature, density and soot formation rates as functions of flamelet coordinates in the space of mixture fraction and scalar dissipation rate. An ensemble average based on a presumed probab
Background: A hip fracture is a common cause of morbidity, functional disability, and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL). With demographic changes showing a growing proportion of older people, hip fractures will be an increasing challenge for healthcare services in the future. Hip fractures threaten the independence of individuals in their everyday lives. In Sweden, more than one thiBackground: A hip fracture is a common cause of morbidity, functional disability, and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL). With demographic changes showing a growing proportion of older people, hip fractures will be an increasing challenge for healthcare services in the future. Hip fractures threaten the independence of individuals in their everyday lives. In Sweden, more than one thi
Whole blood is rich in information about the physical state of an individual and is routinely used in a variety of clinical and research applications. In this thesis, the use of a microfluidic technique called acoustophoresis for separation of different blood components is explored. Acoustophoresis uses an ultrasonic standing wave field to manipulate cells in a microfluidic device. Cells within th
Popular ScienceThe growing need for green processes in industry makes scientists design and develop processes that are more energy efficient than current processes. Naturally, some reactions require a high energy and long time to occur. This will cause high energy consumption and, typically, even more waste production. Therefore, many efforts have been done to design materials that can help to chaThe research work that I describe in my thesis deals with three different heterogenisation approaches for synthesising a heterogeneous transition metal catalyst used for direct C-H activation reactions. The three heterogenisation approaches considered in my research are: (1) heterogenisation of a molecular catalyst on a polymer support using covalent bonds, (2) heterogenisation of a catalyst on a
Klimatkrisen framstår mer och mer som det största hot människan någonsin ställts inför. Även om det politiska svaret kan beskrivas som avvaktande, pågår arbete för att på olika sätt minska klimatförändringarnas effekter, och hantera de risker vi kommer att ställas inför. Världssamfundet är enigt. Den globala medeltemperaturen bör inte öka med mer än 2 grader, och helst inte mer än 1,5 grader, jämfClimate change is a growing threat to mankind. The message from the scientific community is clear: we need to act fast and profoundly. The political response has, however, been slow. The likelihood that we will be able to meet our political climate goals only by reducing emissions is slim. Meanwhile is the interest around ways to capture carbon dioxide that has already been emitted on the rise. In
The savanna ecosystem is one of the most dominant and complex terrestrial biomes, deriving from a distinct vegetative surface comprised of co-dominant tree and grass populations. While these two vegetation types co-exist functionally, demographically they are not static but are dynamically changing in response to environmental forces such as annual fire events and rainfall variability. Modelling s
Abstract:This doctoral thesis is addresses two topics in integrated circuit design: multiband direct conversion cellular receivers for cellular frequencies and beam steering transmitters for millimeter wave communication for the cellular backhaul. The trend towards cellular terminals supporting ever more different frequency bands has resulted in complex radio frontends with a large number of RF in
This thesis deals with the question of how Swedish society responds when juveniles commit crimes. The concepts “treatment”/”goal-rational decision- making” and “correction”/ “norm-rational decision-making” is used to illustrate either the social services’ or the police/attorneys’ work. The focus of the study is social work co-operating with the legal system and the interaction between these two.Th
The forces of globalization and the enabling characteristics of internet communication have impacted the nature of research and innovation. Knowledge and innovation processes are both more dispersed and more openly accessible. In addition, we witness a shift in the global knowledge and innovation geography with both being increasingly generated and developed in regions outside Europe, North Americ
In laser-wakefield acceleration (LWFA), a femtosecond laser pulse is tightly focused in a gas to intensities exceeding 1018 W/cm2 . The laser radiation ionizes the medium and excites a plasma wave that travels behind the laser pulse. Electrons can be trapped in the oscillations in the plasma density, where electric fields of the order of several hundreds of GV/m accelerate them to relativistic ene
The global society is dependent on transportation to function and a big part of these transports are driven by an internal combustion engine. Heavy-duty vehicles utilizes conventional diesel combustion is a combustion concept where the fuel is often ignited during the injection event and while it gives a high combustion efficiency, the combustion mode is also characterized by high emission of NOx
As interest in the processes of integration of immigrants and ethnic minorities grows among European scholars, the role of multiple actors in shaping civic and political participation by people of migrant background needs to be further examined. Building on the literature on migration, this study addresses the following research question: What accounts for differences in forms of civic and politic
Implicit assumptions, approaches, rules and practices in teaching i.e. teaching and learning regimes (TLRs) are produced and reproduced (cf. Trowler & Cooper 2002) in the closest teaching environment, traditionally within a discipline. However, multidisciplinary programs implies that teachers from different disciplines and with different taken for granted assumptions, approaches and rules are Implicit assumptions, approaches, rules and practices in teaching i.e. teaching and learning regimes (TLRs) are produced and reproduced (cf. Trowler & Cooper 2002) in the closest teaching environment, traditionally within a discipline. However, multidisciplinary programs implies that teachers from different disciplines and with different taken for granted assumptions, approaches and rules are
Den främsta orsaken till en ökad växthuseffekt anses idag bero på en högre koncentrationav koldioxid i atmosfären. Sedan den industriella revolutionen harmänniskan påverkat mängden koldioxid i atmosfären genom aktiviteter så somförbränning av fossila bränslen, avskogning, förändringar i markanvändning, samtcementproduktion. För att kunna motverka framtida klimatförändringar krävs enfördjupad kunskThis thesis focuses on the development and application of efficient mathematicaltools for estimating and modelling the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the Earth and its atmosphere; here referred to as the global CO2 surface flux.There are two main approaches for estimating the CO2 flux: Processed based(bottom-up) modelling and atmospheric inversion (top-down) modelling. Thefirst part of t
Denna kunskapssammanställning beskriver hur hälsoskadlig värme kan uppstå inomhus, hur den kan identifieras och vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas med fokus på fastighetsägarens ansvar. Sammanställningen är begränsad till befintliga byggnader i Sverige och inkluderar skolor, äldreboenden, lägenheter, förskolor och kontor som är icke-industriella (utan industriella processer som producerar värme). Den pThis literature review describes how heat stress can develop indoors, how it can be identified, and what actions can be taken, with a focus on property owner’s responsibilities. The review is limited to existing buildings in Sweden and includes schools, retirement homes, apartments, preschools, and non-industrial offices (those without industrial processes that produce heat). The expected climate
The constant increase in global energy demand makes it inevitable to find clean means of energy production. Among renewable energy sources, the Sun is the most available source which makes it a versatile solution for energy needs. Tremendous efforts are made to invent and develop new materials for light to energy conversion. The main question is how the newly developed materials react to light and
Sedan EU bildades har unionen haft en central roll för att integrera medlemsstaterna och har också som en effekt av detta haft ett ökande inflytande på medlemsstaternas nationella lagstiftning. Dessutom har denna utveckling lett till juridiska överväganden avseende hur EU:s författningar ska tolkas och verkställas och hur denna integration ska kunna säkerställas. Det finns fyra friheter i EU-fördr
The state of Akwa Ibom, Nigeria is known as one of the wetlands rich in biodiversity as well as oil and gas reserves. Its wetland ecosystem is noted for its primary support it has provided for the people living in this area. However, this wetland has also been a reservoir for Nigeria’s crude oil contributing a prominent share of petroleum product to the country’s GDP, total revenue to the governme
Background: Internal communication is widely accepted as an elementary factor for venture growth, arguably an even more dominant factor than external influences. As companies highly differ, the implemented internal communication systems, which prove to be adequate for company needs vary. The internal communication systems additionally vary at different stages of company growth. The gap in research
