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IGF-1 is an essential regulator of fetal growth and brain development. Preterm birth in the human is followed by a rapid decrease in serum levels of IGF-1 and decreased levels of IGF-1 have been associated with development of severemorbidity. A recent clinical trial indicated that supplementation with IGF-1 prevented development of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in extremely preterm infa

Context. The solar vicinity is currently populated by a mix of stars with various chemo-dynamic properties, including stars with a high metallicity compared to the Sun. Dynamical processes such as churning and blurring are expected to relocate such metal-rich stars from the inner Galaxy to the solar region. Aims. We report the identification of a set of old super-metal-rich (+0.15 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ +0.50

This thesis describes an extended flamelet approach for modelling of soot formation in turbulent hydrocarbons diffusion flames. Detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms are used to compute species concentrations, temperature, density and soot formation rates as functions of flamelet coordinates in the space of mixture fraction and scalar dissipation rate. An ensemble average based on a presumed probab

As interest in the processes of integration of immigrants and ethnic minorities grows among European scholars, the role of multiple actors in shaping civic and political participation by people of migrant background needs to be further examined. Building on the literature on migration, this study addresses the following research question: What accounts for differences in forms of civic and politic

Implicit assumptions, approaches, rules and practices in teaching i.e. teaching and learning regimes (TLRs) are produced and reproduced (cf. Trowler & Cooper 2002) in the closest teaching environment, traditionally within a discipline. However, multidisciplinary programs implies that teachers from different disciplines and with different taken for granted assumptions, approaches and rules are Implicit assumptions, approaches, rules and practices in teaching i.e. teaching and learning regimes (TLRs) are produced and reproduced (cf. Trowler & Cooper 2002) in the closest teaching environment, traditionally within a discipline. However, multidisciplinary programs implies that teachers from different disciplines and with different taken for granted assumptions, approaches and rules are

Den främsta orsaken till en ökad växthuseffekt anses idag bero på en högre koncentrationav koldioxid i atmosfären. Sedan den industriella revolutionen harmänniskan påverkat mängden koldioxid i atmosfären genom aktiviteter så somförbränning av fossila bränslen, avskogning, förändringar i markanvändning, samtcementproduktion. För att kunna motverka framtida klimatförändringar krävs enfördjupad kunskThis thesis focuses on the development and application of efficient mathematicaltools for estimating and modelling the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the Earth and its atmosphere; here referred to as the global CO2 surface flux.There are two main approaches for estimating the CO2 flux: Processed based(bottom-up) modelling and atmospheric inversion (top-down) modelling. Thefirst part of t

Alloys and bimetallic systems have shown many advantages in heterogeneous catalysis, but the details of their catalytic functions are not always known. For instance, the atomic details about surface reconstructions under catalytic reaction conditions, or which phases that are high-active or low-active. Furthermore, the model catalysts studied in laboratories often differ a lot from the industrial

Meeting stricter legal emission limits and the simultaneous introduction of new synthetic fuels are key challenges for current and future research in the field of engine combustion. A deep knowledge of spray behavior is mandatory to address these problems, as air‐fuel mixture and spray propagation in gasoline direct injection (GDI) are essential processes to achieve a highly efficient and clean co

Background: A hip fracture is a common cause of morbidity, functional disability, and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL). With demographic changes showing a growing proportion of older people, hip fractures will be an increasing challenge for healthcare services in the future. Hip fractures threaten the independence of individuals in their everyday lives. In Sweden, more than one thiBackground: A hip fracture is a common cause of morbidity, functional disability, and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQOL). With demographic changes showing a growing proportion of older people, hip fractures will be an increasing challenge for healthcare services in the future. Hip fractures threaten the independence of individuals in their everyday lives. In Sweden, more than one thi

Whole blood is rich in information about the physical state of an individual and is routinely used in a variety of clinical and research applications. In this thesis, the use of a microfluidic technique called acoustophoresis for separation of different blood components is explored. Acoustophoresis uses an ultrasonic standing wave field to manipulate cells in a microfluidic device. Cells within th

In laser-wakefield acceleration (LWFA), a femtosecond laser pulse is tightly focused in a gas to intensities exceeding 1018 W/cm2 . The laser radiation ionizes the medium and excites a plasma wave that travels behind the laser pulse. Electrons can be trapped in the oscillations in the plasma density, where electric fields of the order of several hundreds of GV/m accelerate them to relativistic ene

Autoignition in SI engines is an abnormal combustion mode and may lead to engine knock which is an undesired phenomenon in SI engines. It may cause damage and it is a source of noise in engines. Knock limits the compression ratio of the engine and a low compression ratio means low fuel conversion efficiency of the engine. This thesis presents a theoretical investigation about the modeling of the e

The global society is dependent on transportation to function and a big part of these transports are driven by an internal combustion engine. Heavy-duty vehicles utilizes conventional diesel combustion is a combustion concept where the fuel is often ignited during the injection event and while it gives a high combustion efficiency, the combustion mode is also characterized by high emission of NOx

The overall aim of this work was to increase our knowledge of newborn infants and their mothers, gain a better understanding of attachment and the infants' development and identify infants at risk for poorer emotional, social and cognitive development. An interdisciplinary approach was used. Six studies are included in the thesis. Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) and its relation to neurobehavioural st

The importance of the ability to use bipedal stance and gait in everyday life cannot be underestimated. Bipedal stance is learned during childhood and constantly adapted to changing circumstances throughout life. Failure to attain and maintain the control of upright posture can have catastrophic consequences. Postural competence needs to be recovered in a multitude of illness, in developmental dis

Soda lakes represent the most stable naturally-occurring alkaline environments on Earth and harbour a diverse population of alkaliphiles. Alkaliphilic microorganisms have attracted a great interest due to their ability to produce extracellular enzymes that are active and stable at high pH values. Screening for alkaliphilic starch-hydrolyzing bacteria from samples of soda lakes at the Ethiopian Rif

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund Hjärntumör hos barn är en relativt ovanlig sjukdom som drabbar cirka 70 barn i Sverige årligen. Under de senaste 40 åren har överlevnaden i barnhjärntumör ökat avsevärt från under 40 % till över 70 %. Överlevnaden har inte varit utan pris och många barn får kognitiva svårigheter efter behandlingen, t.ex. problem med långsamhet, dåligt minne, bristande uppmärksaBackground: Pediatric Brain Tumor (PBT) survivors suffer from cognitive sequelae, especially within the areas of cognitive tempo, attention, executive function and memory. The cognitive difficulties are often accentuated over the years, but knowledge about the long term trajectory is still scarce. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to examine cognitive sequelae after Pediatric Brain Tumor (PBT); ris

Popular Abstract in Swedish Immunsystemet skyddar kroppen mot infektion. För att kunna skydda mot infektion krävs att immunsystemet är utrustat med kraftfulla biokemiska motmedel. Ett sådant motmedel är antikroppar. Antikroppar är proteiner som känner igen och specifikt binder till andra molekyler via en s k molekylbindande klyfta. När antikropparna har bundit in till en molekyl på t ex en bakteriPrimary infections and vaccination stimulates the immunesystem to produce memory cells that rapidly respond to reexposure of the same antigen. These memory responses are dependent on an adaptive type of immunity that sustains the reactivity of the immune system by long-lived memory immune cells. From an evolutionary perspective adaptive immunity as such appears to be restricted to jawed vertebrate

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den svenska grundskolan har under de senaste åren genomgått och genomgår fortfarande en stark utveckling inom ramen för den allmänna decentraliseringen i samhället. Beslut och ansvar läggs allt längre ner i organisationen. De krav som ställdes på en skolledare tillbaka i tiden var i första hand att han skulle vara administratör och den som bevakade att skolans verk-samThe issues of the study are: How do the assistant principals face the work as school leaders? Which demands of competence do the new school leaders face? Which needs of competence development exist for new school leaders? In the school studied the organization of the management was changed from one principal and one director of studies to one principal and six assistant principals. All of these we

Typical for Western classical music is the process of interpreting and conveying a written score into sounding music. However, sometimes the communication of musical issues between musicians may be experienced as aggravating. In educational contexts in a broad sense, it might be advantageous if this communication could be facilitated, for example, by using visual illustrations as a complement to t