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In the ever evolving and ambiguous environment of VAT treatment of sales of shares, the underlying purpose test has arisen as a new form of controversy. While it seems to be a viable method for establishing in specific circumstances a strong enough direct and immediate link to guarantee deduction also for costs incurred in relation to an exempt or out-of-scope share disposal, the test’s nature and

This thesis was an investigation to survey how the new automated testing tool LeanFT compared to the older tool UFT. The thesis was an exploration into the tool LeanFT, examining how well LeanFT performed with GUI testing, what features the tool offered and how usable it was for a tester of software. The purpose of this thesis work was to come to a resolution on whether the LeanFT tool was a more

Evolutionary processes can complicate conservation efforts for species with uncertain taxonomic classifications and discrete geographic populations. Discordant morphological and genetic patterns across the geographic range of species further calls for the identification of evolutionary significant units for conservation. Using island and mainland populations of a small Australian passerine (the su

Providing adequate climate finance, meaning funding for mitigation, adaptation or loss and damage, has been very high on the global policy agenda recently. The political economy and ecology behind it are much more complex and morally multidimensional than the mainstream finance world likes to present it though, which results in grave colonial injustices, international debt crises, deepened global

Theology has, also as result of the critique directed at it, undergone an ecologization that takes shape in ecotheology. It is theology’s attempt to deliver answers to the ecological crisis. These answers are substantively different compared to approaches in other academic fields and could provide the spiritual foundation that is so urgently needed. For ecotheology to move beyond its academic and

Since 2007, Intelligent Energy (IE) has been involved in developing technologies and services in the hydrogen generation space with E.ON Gas Sverige AB and Swedish Gas Centre. The aim of this work is to support the development of a high-profile demonstration of hydrogen generation technologies in a Swedish context. The overall objective of the demonstration is to deploy a reforming based hydrogen

There have recently been several studies of the performance of laser frequency stabilization using spectral holes in solids, instead of an external cavity, as a frequency reference. Here an analytical theory for Pound-Drever-Hall laser frequency stabilization using spectral hole-burning is developed. The interaction between the atomic medium and the phase modulated light is described using a linea

Purpose - To provide an integrated perspective to similarities and differences between approaches to automated classification in different research communities (machine learning, information retrieval and library science), and point to problems with the approaches and automated classification as such. Design/methodology/approach - A range of works dealing with automated classification of full-text

This thesis deals with the evaluation of measurements of water vapor transport and sorption in wood. It mainly concerns measurements of the weight response of a sample after a step change in relative humidity. The thesis consists of an introduction and eight papers. The eight papers have the following contents: 1. A description of the instrumentation and its performance characteristics. 2. Some f

Aviation fuel is a petroleum product that fulfills the Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels. Crude oil has been the raw material for production of aviation fuels for many years. Since the availability of crude oil is predicted to be limited in the future, alternative raw materials for aviation fuels are highly desirable. A Swedish company, Oroboros AB, has developed a novel clean synt

The construction sector provides the direct means to the development and expansion of economic activities, but is at the same time a major consumer of physical and natural resources and a polluter of the environment. Over the last decades, the environmental impact of construction activities has grown dramatically due to the increase in the world population and greater industrial and human activity

Abstract Purpose: The main purpose with this thesis was to describe the complexities involved when public sector organizations initiate changes in their organizational culture. This research also aims to depict how managers in a public organization interpret the implementation of two separate “shared value systems”, that originates from different parts of the organization. Research design: This th

Popular science summary As the climate warms and species move northwards, some species encounter populations of a similar species. In this case, the banded demoiselle damselfly Calopteryx splendens is moving north, further into Fennoscandia than it has been known to go before, and is meeting populations of the beautiful demoiselle damselfly Calopteryx virgo. Males of both species set up and defen

Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) emerged from a fragmentation of different meaning of SRHR coming together to form one complex policy area. SRHR has been politicized in the past by predominant activist groups such as human rights and feminists (including those working with both fields simultaneously). Politicization refers to the process by which an issue becomes prominent in a giv

Purpose The purpose of the report is to look into the effect of changing from air shipments to sea shipments at Tetra Pak Technical Service AB and the economical and environmental impact of such a change on the supply chain. Methodology The report is carried out by collecting the data regarding the different transportation modes in interviews with responsible persons within Tetra Pak and the trans

This paper examines whether the extent to which institutions and policies are market-oriented influences people’s thoughts on the competitive process. Through the use of country-level panel data, as well as a cross-sectional sensitivity analysis linking individual-level and country-level data, this paper examines the effects of general, and five different areas of, economic freedom on people’s vie

This thesis consists of a pilot study on air emission management from six of Tetra Pak’s converting factories with the aim of mapping current air emissions of VOC, air purification equipment, and legal requirements. A description of the impacts of certain VOCs on the environment is also included. Tetra Pak’s 36 converting factories scattered all over the world produces 167 billion beverage and foo

Abstract Migration is a widespread phenomenon in nature, observed in many different taxa. Migration is often caused by changes in food availability, physical conditions and predation risks. Moving is energetically costly, and hence migration is likely to be a trade-off between increased survival and an energetic cost for migrating, the cost could take shape in decreased fecundity and lower body c

Utveckling och testning av reaktorer för katalysmätningar Katalysatorer är oumbärliga i såväl livsprocesser som industriella tillämpningar. Bilismen är ett exempel där katalysatorer används vid såväl bränsletillverkning som avgasrening. Men detta är långt ifrån det enda användningsområdet. Katalysatorer är också delaktiga i tillverkningen av uppemot 90% av alla kemikalier. Industriella katalysaIn this project four reactors for studies of heterogeneous catalysis have been developed. They were tested using case studies, especially concerning methane oxidation over palladium. The test measurements showed that the reactors work or would work very well after slight modifications. The first reactor allowed for activity measurement using mass spectrometry for temperatures up to at least 1000°C

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka gällande rätt avseende förutsättningarna för förvaltningsbesluts verkställbarhet och att fokusera på betydelsen av att beslut vinner laga kraft. Uppsatsen berör även utvecklingen på området och de lege ferenda. Innebörden av att ett förvaltningsbeslut blir verkställbart är inte enbart att beslutet kan eller ska verkställas med hjälp av en myndighet. I begreppet inThe purpose of the thesis is to examine the law in regard to the conditions of enforceability of decisions in administrative law and, in particular, the significance of legal force. The thesis also deals with the development of relevant legal matter and de lege ferenda. The enforceability of a decision in administrative law does not only mean that it may or shall be enforced by an authority. It al