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Den internationella investeringsrätten regleras i stort genom ett system av bilaterala investeringsavtal upprättat två stater emellan. Dessa skyddar internationella investeringar genom en rad olika substantiella rättigheter. Det utmärkande skyddet de erbjuder är dock rätten till skiljeförfarande. Genom skiljeklausuler i investeringsavtal har investerare möjlighet att stämma stater genom skiljeförfInternational investment law is regulated by a system of bilateral investment agreements. These protect international investments through a number of substantive rights. One of the principle rights conferred is through the dispute settlement clause, which generally dictates that disputes shall be settled through arbitration. Thus, investors have the possibility of suing states through an arbitrati

Determining fatty acid composition within different lipid classes is a time-consuming process. Generally, normal phase chromatography is used to separate lipids by lipid class, based on differences in polarity. Fractions of this separation are then collected and derivatized into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES), followed by analysis with gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (GC-FID).

The terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum is an important research area allowing insights into fundamental science such as inter-molecular interactions, and with applications in the environmental, medical and security field. Using femtosecond lasers, it is possible to design compact and efficient terahertz generation schemes, resulting in few-cycle broadband pulses. This master thesis i

The widespread consequences of climate change are becoming more and more evident around the world and are raising crucial awareness to world leaders that a sustainable transition is direly needed to mitigate against disastrous climatic events. In Australia, in early 2020, these events took the form of some of the most devastating and largest forest fires the country has ever seen. This devastation

The parents growing interest towards children clothing has become apparent when following Finnish media during the past years. In similar vein consumer culture literature has noticed the rise of clothing markets for newborns. It is scientifically proven that consumption objects have a significant role in life transitional phases. Symbolic meanings of consumption objects are used to facilitate the

The winter of 2020 was dominated by Canadian and international news coverage about a group of indigenous land defenders in Northern British Columbia, Canada. At the centre of the media frenzy was a pipeline conflict involving an indigenous community, namely, the Wet’suwet’en Nation, and Canada’s largest private sector investment ever which is set to cross directly through Wet’suwet’en territory. T

Wildfires are increasing around the world and unlike building evacuations, the wildland urban interface (WUI) evacuations consider vehicle movement alongside the behaviour of wildfires. Tourists, as a diverse population, further complicate WUI evacuations due to factors such as language barriers, unfamiliarity with the area, varying levels of risk awareness, and the lack of access to vehicles. Nev

Motivated by the need for transformative change and more holistic conceptions of wellbeing, this thesis aims to explore the transformative potential of the Buen Vivir. As a synthesis of indigenous and modern principles, it was integrated in the Ecuadorian constitution. In order to evaluate the socio-political project of the Buen Vivir in the realm of a Real Utopia, I will investigate the transform

The purpose with this thesis is to give the reader a holistic view of the 3D-print technology and how it can come to use in the construction industry. The purpose is also to spread knowledge about the technology. During the evaluation of the technology examines four aspects that an innovation needs to establish on the market, the aspects are: geographical resources, economical, law and social impa

This master thesis is about the mathematical modeling of an inventory control system. The system is a single-echelon two-location system with one type of item. The locations replenish from a supplier that is assumed to have an ample stock. The demand is modeled as customers arriving according to a Poisson process with a known intensity and each customer only demands one item. In addition to replen

The world has witnessed a remarkable growth over the last 50 years and the urbanisation is becoming a growing problem in many countries. In 1950 29 % of the world’s population lived in urban areas, in 2003 the urban population had grown to 48 %. In order to create a healthy environment in the fast growing cities it is important to have an infrastructure that works. Creating such a city is somethin

Finding work for people with severe physical disabilities is not easy. This master thesis aims to investigate the possibility of creating new job opportunities for these people, using speech recognition. One possibility is to construct an application where a person works in a callcentre by using his/her voice. To test the idea a co-operation with the callcentre at Trygg Hansa in Malmö was initiate

This study focuses on the recent Directive (EU) 2019/1023 on preventive restructuring frameworks (‘Preventive Restructuring Directive’) that was adopted by the European Parliament and the Council on 20 June 2019. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and assess the EU legislator’s intentions in harmonisation of national laws on restructuring and to clarify the rationale behind business rescue.

Barnets ställning i det svenska samhället har under de senaste århundradena utvecklats från en obetydlig människa till en individ som spelar en stor roll i människors liv. Denna utveckling är ett exempel på hur mänskliga relationer och sociala processer påverkar hur man ser på olika individer i samhället. Utvecklingen skulle också kunna ses som en bidragande orsak till varför vårdnadstvister har öIn the last centuries, the child´s position in society has evolved from being seen as an insignificant human being to an individual that plays an important role in people’s lives. This development is an example of how social processes and human relations play part in how we see different people in society. The custody disputes in Sweden has increased over the past years. The evolvement of the chil

Osteoderms, skeletal structures in the skin, are found in many animals and serve diverse roles. In some lizards, the bony osteoderm has a capping tissue (CT) whose composition and structure remain unknown. Here, the composition and nanostructure of osteoderms from the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) are investigated. The CT is highly mineralized with an extraordinarily high elastic modu

The problem of approximate joint eigen-decomposition of a collection of matrices arises in a number of diverse engineering and signal processing problems. This problem is usually cast as an optimization problem, and it is the main goal of this publication to provide a theoretical study of the corresponding objective-functional. As our main result, we prove that this functional tends to infinity in

This study was performed to evaluate if microarray technology can identify genes using their transcriptionally defective mutant alleles. Three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant strains, xantha-h57, xantha-f27 and xantha-g28, with mutations in the genes encoding the three subunits of the chlorophyll biosynthetic enzyme magnesium chelatase, were used in a reconstruction experiment. The mutation xan