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3D-models of bone structures from computed tomography (CT) data can be used for surgical planning, education and a wide range of other purposes. They can also be used in both digital and 3D-printed format. The currently used process to obtain such models consists of a combination of thresholding, morphological operations and manual adjustments. This can be very time-consuming. Deep Learning (DL) c
Förbud mot karteller är likartade i de flesta länder. Om förbuden överträds är dock skillnaderna i de påföljder som kan utdömas, respektive i den eftergift som kan sökas och beviljas, värda att notera. Denna uppsats presenterar de påföljder för överträdelser av kartellförbud samt de eftergifter som erbjuds i EU, Storbritannien, Sverige och USA. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera vilka överväganWhile the cartel prohibition of most countries is quite similar, the differences in the sanctions imposed on cartel participants and the leniency available to such participants under national leniency programs are noteworthy. This thesis presents the sanctions for competition law infringements and the applicable leniency programs of the EU, the UK, Sweden and the U.S. The purpose of the thesis is
The number of low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors available on the market has increased in recent years. They are affordable, compact and require no maintenance which means they easily can be deployed and utilized for real-time air monitoring. However, the accuracy of low-cost PM sensors has been reported to vary depending on several factors. This thesis aims to investigate and reduce errors
Biological tissues are strongly light-scattering and absorbing media that limit the depth of optical-based imaging. Even though, optical imaging provides good optical contrast information of biological content that is beneficial for clinical diagnostics application. Ultrasound was used to assist the optical-based imaging technique in overcoming the poor spatial resolution and shallow imaging depth
Ett mycket ofta debatterat ämne är vad som ska omfattas inom straffansvaret för våldtäkt och hur den rättsliga prövningen ska gå till. Genom den debatt som förevarit har tankar och idéer kring begreppet våldtäkt som sådant uppkommit. Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats är därför att närmare undersöka begreppet våldtäkt och dess innebörd över tiden. Uppsatsen avser att besvara om och i vilkenA topic very often debated is what should fall within the crime definition for rape and how the judicial proceedings should be formed. Thoughts and ideas about the term rape have emerged from the debate that has taken place. The overall purpose of this essay is therefore to examine the meaning of rape and how the meaning of rape has developed over time. What this essay intends to answer is if, and
Under förberedelse och huvudförhandling i svenska rättssalar är domaren skyldig att bedriva så kallad materiell processledning, d.v.s. genom frågor och påpekanden se till att målet blir tillfredsställande utrett. Hur långt denna skyldighet sträcker sig hör till en av de mest debatterade frågorna inom processrätten, då långtgående processledning kan uppfattas som, eller rentav utgöra, opartisk rådgIn Swedish courtrooms judges has an obligation to direct the proceedings. This is mandatory not only during the preparatory proceeding but also during the main hearing. The purpose of the direction of proceedings is to ensure that the circumstances of the case is completely clarified. This is done by questions and remarks to the parties involved. The width of this responsibility is considered one
De svenska ränteavdragsbegräsningsreglernas förenlighet med EU-rätten har varit föremål för kritik sedan en lång tid tillbaka. Reglerna är tillämpliga på koncerninterna lån och syftar till att motverka både skatteflykt och att den svenska skattebasen eroderas genom fiktiva och konstlade upplägg. Enligt reglernas förarbeten fanns ingen avsikt att reglerna skulle träffa koncerner hemmahörande i SveThe Swedish interest deduction limitation rules compatibility with EU-law have been criticized for a long time. The rules are applicable to intra-group loans and are aimed to both protect the Swedish Tax base and to prevent tax avoidance through the use of artificial arrangements. According to the preparatory works the purpose of the rules was not to target groups of companies within Sweden. This
I samhällsdebatten har åsikter om en mer effektiv brottsbekämpning växt fram på den senaste tiden. Debatten har utmynnat i flertalet offentliga utredningar som presenterar potentiella lagändringar. Förslagen innebär att en avvägning måste göras mellan effektiv brottsbekämpning och rättssäkerhet, eftersom dessa medför en stor risk att individens rättigheter inskränks. Syftet med uppsatsen är att bIn the public debate, opinions about more effective law enforcement have emerged in recent years. The debate has resulted in public investigations that present potential changes to the law. The proposals imply that a balance must be struck between effective law enforcement and the rule of law, as the proposals entails a great risk for the rights of the individual to be restricted. The purpose of
Sexhandel förekommer i alla kulturer och samhällen. Trots det har detta område visat sig vara nästintill omöjligt att på ett oproblematiskt vis integrera i länders lagstiftning. En konvergent lagstiftning mellan olika områden är grundläggande för att ett lands rättssystem ska fungera. Sexhandeln är ett politiskt, moraliskt och ideologiskt ämne vilket medför komplikationer när lagstiftningsarbete kSex work occurs in all cultures and societies. Nevertheless, this area has proved almost impossible to integrate into a countries’ legislation in an unproblematic way. Convergent legislation between different areas is fundamental for the functioning of a country’s legal system. The sex trade is a political, moral and ideological subject, which entails complications when legislative work on the sub
The inquiry into strengthened school libraries was submitted to the Swedish Minister of Education at the same time as I started to write my thesis. It states the importance of school libraries and calls for an enhanced role of school libraries in education. The Swedish library act and the Swedish school library act calls for equal access to education for all students in Swedish schools. I examine
In this review, we summarize a series of experimental studies of the swelling of zwitterionic lamellar phospholipid and phospholipid-cholesterol systems using a novel double twin calorimeter. With this method, one can obtain simultaneous measures of the partial molar free energy and the partial molar enthalpy, and the experimental studies thus provide a complete thermodynamic characterization of t
Here we present unequivocal experimental proof that microscale cofactor- and membrane-less, direct electron transfer based enzymatic fuel cells do produce significant amounts of electrical energy in human lachrymal liquid (tears). 100μm diameter gold wires, covered with 17nm gold nanoparticles, were used to fashion three-dimensional nanostructured microelectrodes, which were biomodified with Coryn
Context. Several large scale photometric and spectroscopic surveys are being undertaken to provide a more detailed picture of the Milky Way. Given the necessity of generalisation in the determination of, e.g., stellar parameters when tens and hundred of thousands of stars are considered it remains important to provide independent, detailed studies to verify the methods used in the surveys. Aims. O
Popular Abstract in Swedish Nervsystemet är sannolikt en av de mest vidunderliga strukturer som skapats i detta universum - denna avhandling hade till exempel varken kunnat skrivas eller läsas utan det. Som av en slump handlar den också om just nervsystemet och läsande och skrivande är två exempel på olika funktioner som möjliggjorts på grund av det. Även om dessa utgör funktioner som är ovanliga Bodies with multiple limbs and joints have endless possibilities to move around in their surrounding space. How the nervous system controls this amount of degrees of freedom in motor execution is a question under vigorous debate. In an ambition to explore related aspects of motor control we conducted parallel electrophysiological recordings of motor circuits in the cortex and basal ganglia in the
There has been considerable interest in the directionality of resource specialisation during the diversification of lineages. We developed a quantitative method to investigate habitat specialisation in a radiation of New Zealand triplefin fishes, as habitat use appears to be an important axis of diversification in this marine group. The degree of specialisation in 15 species was calculated by comp
Non-invasive vascular studies can provide crucial information on the presence, location, and severity of critical limb ischaemia (CLI), as well as the initial assessment or treatment planning. Ankle-brachial index with Doppler ultrasound, despite limitations in diabetic and end-stage renal failure patients, is the first-line evaluation of CLI. In this group of patients, toe-brachial index measurem
This Technical Design Report (TDR) for the High-level Trigger (HLT), Data Acquisition (DAQ) and Controls of the ATLAS experiment builds on the earlier documents published on these systems: Trigger Performance Status Report, DAQ, EF, LVL2 and DCS Technical Progress Report, and High-Level Triggers, DAQ and DCS Technical Proposal. Much background and preparatory work relevant to this TDR is reference
