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Aims. The present study was conducted to determine the optical extinction curve for Cerro Paranal under typical clear-sky observing conditions, with the purpose of providing the community with a function to be used to correct the observed spectra, with an accuracy of 0.01 mag airmass(-1). Additionally, this work was meant to analyze the variability of the various components, to derive the main atm
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar två ämnen inom trådlös kommunikation: interferens mellan frekvenshoppande (FH) nätverk och fleranvändardiversitet. I arbetet på FH nätverk undersöks ett system där frekvenshopp används för att möjliggöra samtidig tillgång till kanalen för multipla okoordinerade nätverk. Detta åstadkoms genom att frekvenshoppen sker varje gång ett ny paket skaThis thesis deals with two topics in wireless communications: interference between frequency-hopping (FH) networks, and multiuser diversity. The work on FH treats a system where FH is used to provide simultaneous access to the channel for multiple uncoordinated wireless networks. This is achieved by performing frequency hops on a packet-by-packet basis, and letting the sequence of hopping frequen
A new, two-layer canopy module with thermal inertia as part of the detailed snow model SNOWPACK (version 3.2.1) is presented and evaluated. As a by-product of these new developments, an exhaustive description of the canopy module of the SNOWPACK model is provided, thereby filling a gap in the existing literature. In its current form, the two-layer canopy module is suited for evergreen needleleaf f
The enrichment of Fe, relative to alpha elements such as O and Mg, represents a potential means to measure the ages of quasi-stellar object (QSO) host galaxies and probe nucleosynthesis in the early universe. QSOs exhibit prominent Fe II features and Mg II 2800 angstrom resonance doublet emission in the ultraviolet. Although chemical evolutionary models predict that the Fe/Mg abundance ratio decre
In this article the caring power in the Swedish probation service is discussed. By exploring the history of probation, formed since the early 19 th century, the structure that is constructed through human interaction and that defines the role of helper and helped is shown. Within this structure, different interpretations exist and different stories are told. This variation is highlighted through s
Denna studie undersökte förhållandet mellan de tre personlighetsdragen som ingår i den Mörka Triaden (Machiavellianism, Narcissism och Psykopati) och attityder gentemot etiska företagspolicies. 114 deltagare deltog i en onlineundersökning som mätte den Mörka Triaden och sju policyfrågor. Deltagarna med de högsta poängen på Mörka Triaden (övre 30 procenten) jämfördes med deltagarna med de lägsta poThis study investigated the relationship between the three personality traits of the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy) and attitudes towards ethical company policies. 114 participants took part in an online survey, measuring the Dark Triad and seven policy-questions. The participants with the highest scores on the Dark Triad (upper 30 percent) was compared to the participan
Background: Dental caries is unevenly distributed within populations with a higher burden in low socio-economy groups. Several attempts have been made to allocate resources to those that need them the most; there is a need for convenient approaches to population-based monitoring of caries risk over time. The aim of this study was to develop the geo-map concept, addressing time trends in caries ris
Background: Health care providers in many countries have delivered interventions to improve physical activity levels among their patients. Thus far, less is known about the population's interest to increase their physical activity levels and their opinion about the health care provider's role in physical activity promotion. The aims of this paper were to investigate the self-reported physical acti
Congestion charging was - as a trial - introduced in Stockholm from January 3rd to July 31st 2006. After the referendum in September 2006, the charging system was finally introduced as permanent from August 2007 with some adjustments to the Trial design. The idea of congestion charging is unique in a Swedish context. and the introduction of the Stockholm system has been highly controversial. Consi
The triple planetary crisis exerts high pressure on countries to transform their current economic system. The transition to a green economy is not only necessary to ensure sustainable development but also essential for countries to remain economically competitive. The neighbouring countries Panama and Costa Rica are both facing significant challenges under the green transition, despite their diffe
Nepal ligger i ett av världens mest jordbävningsutsatta områden, och jordbävningen i Gorkha 2015 visade tydligt hur sårbara murverksbyggnader utan ingenjörsmässig dimensionering kan vara. I återuppbyggnadsarbetet har interlocking Compressed Sta- bilised Earth Blocks (CSEB) lyfts fram som ett möjligt alternativ till traditionellt murverk av bränt lertegel. Detta eftersom systemet både kan vara mer Nepal is located in one of the most seismically active regions in the world, and the 2015 Gorkha earthquake clearly demonstrated the vulnerability of non-engineered masonry buildings. In the reconstruction efforts following the earthquake, interlocking Com- pressed Stabilised Earth Blocks (CSEB) have been highlighted as a potentially more seismically robust and at the same time more sustainable al
The Second Battle of Passchendaele (October 26 - November 10, 1917) remains one of the most enduring symbols of the Canadian experience in the First World World, yet its historical prominence contrasts with a limited comprehension of the geographic realities faced by the soldiers. This gap stems largely from the absence of geographic contextualization in teachings of military history, compounded b
Uppsatsen behandlar hur miljörelaterade fordringar hanteras när en verksamhet går i konkurs och i vilken utsträckning principen om att förorenaren ska betala får genomslag i svensk konkursrätt. Utgångspunkten är de praktiska problem som uppstår när kostsamma efterbehandlingsåtgärder aktualiseras först efter konkursutbrottet, samtidigt som det inte finns någon generell skyldighet för staten eller kThis thesis examines how environmental claims are treated when a business is declared bankrupt, and to what extent the polluter pays principle is upheld in Swedish bankruptcy law. The point of departure is the practical difficulties that occur when costly remediation measures become relevant only after the opening of bankruptcy proceedings, while there is no general legal obligation for the State
Decision-support systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly implemented in everyday societal contexts, including high-stakes domains such as finance, medicine, and law. While these systems play an expanding role in shaping important decisions under uncertainty, a fundamental question concerns how algorithmic advice affects the behavior of human decision-makers. Despite this, mo
An experiment was conducted to see which impact the basic emotion of disgust has on moral judgment. Earlier studies have been dominated by the belief that moral judgment is caused by moral reasoning alone, and not by emotions. The social intuitionist model (Haidt, 2001) constitutes an alternative to such theories. 60 university students (30 male and 30 female) participated in the experiment. They
The strive for international justice have existed for a very long time. We have seen attempts been made to achieve this goal by for example the creations of the Tribunals for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The idea has been to prosecute and hold war criminals responsible for their actions. The most recent attempt to establish an international legal system was first made in 1989, when the process of
Sexuallagstiftningen har genomgått stora förändringar de senaste åren och inte minst vad gäller våldtäktsbrottet. Lagstiftningens tydliga skyddsintresse att skydda den enskildes personliga och sexuella integritet och självbestämmande, samt den nya utgångspunkt som baseras på frivilligt deltagande, har inneburit fler infallsvinklar i bedömningen av vad som utgör en våldtäkt. Våldtäktsbrottet behan
