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Den Europeiska Unionen utgör ett överstatligt samarbete mellan medlemsstaterna och dess viktigaste mål är en konkurrenskraftig inre marknad. Konkurrensrätten utgör ett vitalt verktyg för EU:s upprätthållande av konkurrensen på marknaden och genomdrivs huvudsakligen av Kommissionen. Privata sanktionsmedel, särskilt konkurrensskadetalan, har emellertid fått ökad betydelse. Denna utveckling har resulThe European Union is a supranational cooperation between its Member States, and its main objective is a highly competitive internal market. Competition law is a vital tool in the protection of competition on the market. It is mainly enforced by the Commission. However, private enforcement through competition damages actions, has become increasingly important. This development has resulted in a Di

There are several unregulated intangible services (Swe: immateriella tjänster) within the Swedish law, where a contractor, with reference to freedom of contract, can limit their contractual liability by using limitation of liability clauses. A debate has taken place regarding gross negligence and whether or not it can act as an independent reason for breaching a limitation of liability clause, in

The digital and technical developments within the archive community during the last decades reflect how changes has been made in the conditions of preservation and curation of archive material.This has also raised questions concerning the approach to digital and web based documents within the archival community. The digital and technical developments had a significant impact on the social platform

Climate change is a fact and effects everybody on this planet, whether its humans, plants or animals. There is a comprehensive agreement about the mechanisms on how aerosol particles affect the radiative balance of the earth, but there is a need of more knowledge to fully understand climate change and the strength of the aerosol radiative forcing. The aim of this thesis is to investigate if the SM

Säker hantering av animaliska biprodukter minskar spridning av sjukdomar Ungefär 200 människor har dött på grund av Creutzfeldt-Jakobs sjukdom, efter att ha ätit kött från sjuka kor. Sjukdomen är förknippad med den ”galna ko-sjukan” även kallat Bovin Spongiform Encefalopat (BSE). BSE sprider sig genom att kött- och benmjöl framställt av BSE-sjuka nötkreatur har använts som foder. BSE sprids till Animal by-products (ABP) is an unknown area in food control in Sweden, mainly grocery stores. ABP affects many different areas, such as food, feed, animal welfare and waste. Swedish Board of Agriculture defines animal by-products as follows: "Animal by-products are material from the animal kingdom which is not food and have not yet been processed or treated to be included in the concept of m

Efter kontakt med exploateringsavdelningen på WSP i Stockholm fick vi förslaget att,i samarbete med dem, titta närmare på hur kostnader för utbyggnad av allmän platsfördelas när fler än en exploatör verkar inom samma detaljplan. En fråga som WSP, iform av rådgivande konsulter, anser är intressant att undersöka. 6 kap. 40 § plan- och bygglagen (2010:900) ligger till grund för kommunens rätt att taThe aim of this paper is to represent various distribution principles that occur when a municipality divide costs for expansion of public space between developers who act in the same detailed development plan. We will look at different principles to divide costs, compare projects, investigate geographical differences, compare the cost that is debited and discuss transparency in the land developme

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the current green bond standards influence the use of proceeds obtained from the issuance of green bonds. We also aim to explore the limitations of the standards and how the standards can be further improved to promote the development of the green bond market. Methodology: A qualitative research approach was used, consisting of a literature

Massiv stress och behovet av återhämtning i stadens naturmiljöer. 300 miljoner människor lider av stress idag - ännu fler imorgon. Stress för med sig depression, utbrändhet och sjukskrivningar; de sistnämnda ökade med 69% i Sverige mellan 2010 och 2015. På ett av Sveriges största datorspelsföretag, Massive Entertainment i Malmö, verkar stress och världsrekord i spelförsäljning gå hand i hand. AnsMore and more people around the world are feeling stressed, and the consequences have become a global burden. At the same time, cities are growing both spatially and from within, creating competition for land which sometimes comes at the cost to our access to nature. Natural settings provide people with stress relief, and some of the feelings we perceive in nature are more efficient at this than o

Liksom samhällsmedborgarna behöver förhålla sig till straffrätten, bör också staten behöva förhålla sig till densamma genom att ramar uppställs för när straffrätten kan användas. En sådan ram är att kriminalisering får användas för att förhindra att skada uppkommer på ett skyddsintresse. Detta examensarbete har till syfte att undersöka innebörden av det straffrättsliga skadebegreppet vid kriminalAs much as members of society need to conform their conduct to the penal law, the state should also have to adhere to the penal law, by providing clear guidelines for when such law can be used. Such a guideline is that criminalization may serve to prevent harm to legally-recognized interests. This thesis aims to explore the concept of harm within the deliberations that attach to the criminalizat

3:12-reglerna har idag funnits i 25 års tid och har reviderats ett stort antal gånger i syfte att ändra, täppa till, komplettera och lappa ihop desamma. Detta har fått till följd att regelsystemet idag är mer komplext än någonsin, till stor nackdel för den stora andel fåmansföretagare som idag bedriver verksamhet i Sverige. En av de bestämmelser som omfattas av 3:12-reglerna är 57 kap. 4 § 1 st.The so called 3:12 rules have today now been in use for almost 25 years and have since the beginning been amended many times in order to change, cover up, complete and patch up themselves. This has resulted in a very complex regulation, which has made it difficult for close companies, which make up the majority of all corporations in Sweden, to do business. As part of the 3:12 rules is the regula

The development of the sharing economy that has taken place in recent decades is an effect of digitalisation, which has led to work being supplied through digital platforms having taken place in the labour market. Platform work can look different in many ways depending on the platform's business model and this development has led the platform's workers to be in a position where it is uncle

The doctrine R2P came as a response to the mass atrocities around the world during the 1990s. The UN had not been able to act and prevent the atrocities against the civilian population in, for example, Rwanda and former Yugoslavia. This demanded change, and therefore the ICISS Commission was appointed. The ICISS Commission wrote the rapport about “The Responsibility to protect”. According to their

Denna uppsats behandlar den potentiella påverkan av AI på det nu gällande patentsystemen i Europa, både från perspektivet av en uppfinnare av AI och AI-assisterade uppfinningar, men främst från perspektivet av EPO gällande huruvida det nu gällande patentregelverket, EPC, är tillräckligt flexibelt för att avgöra först och främst huruvida en uppfinning når upp till kravet på uppfinningshöjd eller inThis thesis concerns the potential impact of AI on the patent system in Europe, the EPC, both from the perspective of the developers of AI and AI-assisted inventions, but mainly from the perspective of the EPO concerning whether the current patent system is sufficiently equipped to assess, in particular, whether a claimed invention involves an inventive step. The purpose of the thesis is to invest

A key principle within Swedish civil procedural law is that the prevailing party in a trial shall be reimbursed for costs caused by the need to safeguard his rights and interests. However, under Section 8 in Chapter 18 of the Swedish Code of Judicial Proceedings (1942:740), a court may rule that the prevailing party shall not be awarded the full costs of his demand if the costs have not been reaso

Den fria bevisprövningen är den mest grundläggande principen i svensk bevisrätt. Det finns därför inget principiellt hinder mot så kallad karaktärsbevisning. Trots det är karaktärsbevisning alltjämt föremål för diskussion i den bevisrättsliga litteraturen. Den här uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka tillåtligheten och värdet av karaktärsbevisning i svensk rätt, både genom en deskriptiv undersökning The principle of free presentation and evaluation of evidence is the most fundamental principle in Swedish evidence law. Consequently, there are no general prohibitions against so called character evidence. Despite this, character evidence is a frequent object of discussion in evidence law literature. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the admissibility and value of character evidence in Swe

Title: Abnormal return in the event of an equity issuance – A comparison of rights issues and directed share issues Seminar date: 2021-01-14 Course: FEKH89 – Business Administration, Degree Project Corporate Finance, Undergraduate Level, 15 ECTS Authors: Fredrik Eriksson Oppliger, Erik Olshov, Gustav Persson, Alex Skepastianos Supervisor: Håkan Jankensgård Key words: Event study; Efficient-m

The data-based verification of autonomous driving functionalities requires the detection of driving scenarios and driving styles. Driving scenarios define the tasks that the functionalities have to master, whereas the driving style has an impact on the traffic and thus the recorded traffic scenarios. In this thesis we consider two machine learning models which extract driving scenarios and driving

This thesis is using the example of Abercrombie & Fitch’s handling of presentational change caused by a crisis in annual reports. The company was accused to discriminate employees and customers on grounds of distinction of human beings, their appearance and ethnic backgrounds. Fairclough’s approach of critical discourse analysis is used as a theoretical and methodological framework to uncover

Abstract Problem: While it has been extensively studied which personal characteristics enhance entrepreneurial learning from failure, the mechanisms of how those characteristics contribute to entrepreneurial learning process has not yet been fully understood. Aim: Through a comprehensive model, this research aims to explore how different personal characteristics influence the different stages o