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Numerous obesity loci have been identified using genome-wide association studies. A UK study indicated that physical activity may attenuate the cumulative effect of 12 of these loci, but replication studies are lacking. Therefore, we tested whether the aggregate effect of these loci is diminished in adults of European ancestry reporting high levels of physical activity. Twelve obesity-susceptibili

Patients with acute dyspnea are a large heterogeneous patient group where initial management is important for outcome.

Computed tomography (CT) of the brain is used extensively in the urgent work-up of patients with a suspicion of intracranial pathology, but is often normal. Previously proposed selection criteria aim at limiting the ordering of urgent cranial CT in the non-trauma population, while maintaining high sensitivity for diagnoses demanding immediate attention.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A post hoc analysis of TITAN evaluated the clinical benefit of apalutamide plus androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) versus ADT alone in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) with high disease burden. METHODS: Patients were assessed in subgroups of those with four to fewer than ten, ten to <20, or ≥20 bone metastases; with lung but not liver metastases; and w

BACKGROUND: Recent research using a data-driven cluster approach has identified five discordant subclassifying body mass index (BMI) subgroups, characterized by cardiometabolic biomarkers deviated from those predicted by BMI.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations of these subgroups with risks of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and liver-related

The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an evidence-based update on management strategies for young adults with meniscal tears, based on two recent randomized controlled trials comparing a surgical vs. non-surgical treatment strategy for this patient group. The results from these trials suggests that exercise therapy is a viable treatment alternative for young adults with a meniscal tea

Building a detailed understanding of the structure function relationship is a crucial step in the optimization of molecular photocatalysts employed in water splitting schemes. The optically dark nature of their active sites usually prevents a complete mapping of the photoinduced dynamics. In this work, transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy highlights the electronic and geometric changes that aff

Background: Studies have shown that lifestyle interventions are effective in preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk patients. However, research on the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in high-risk immigrant populations with different cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds is scarce. The aim was to design a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention for an immigrant

Context: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, inhibits glucagon secretion at hyperglycemia but appears to enhance glucagon counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.Objective:The objective of the investigation was to study whether vildagliptin also improves α-cell function in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Patients and Methods: The study was a single-center, double-blind, ra

We have fabricated single balanced down-conversion mixer circuits using InAs nanowire MOSFETs as both active and passive devices. This is achieved by a combination of electron beam lithography and UV-lithography with a line width of 12 mu m. The circuits exhibit a low frequency voltage conversion gain of 6 dB, a -3 dB cutoff frequency of 2 GHz and a power consumption of 3.8 mW, while operating at

Background: Evidence from prospective studies on intake of meat and fish and risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) is scarce. We prospectively investigated the association of meat and fish intake with risk of SCC of the UADT and the possible mechanism via heme iron in the large multicenter European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Background: Immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair proteins is efficient and widely used to identify mismatch repair defective tumors. The tumors typically show uniform and widespread loss of MMR protein staining. We identified and characterized colorectal cancers with alternative, heterogenous mismatch repair protein staining in order to delineate expression patterns and underlying mech

Background: In experimental studies, the apolipoprotein D (APOD) and the sigma receptor type 1 (SIGMAR1) have been related to processes of brain damage, repair and plasticity. Methods: We examined blood samples from 3081 ischemic stroke (IS) patients and 1595 control subjects regarding 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APOD (chromosomal location 3q29) and SIGMAR1 (chromosomal locati

OBJECTIVE: The capability of the protein NEDD4L to reduce renal tubular expression of epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is influenced by a functional rs4149601 G→A NEDD4L polymorphism. As diuretics and β-blockers inhibit renal sodium reabsorption and renin release, respectively, we hypothesized that the β-blocker or diuretic-induced blood pressure reduction and prevention of cardiovascular disease wou

Objective. GFR-prediction equations based upon cystatin C and creatinine have better diagnostic performance in estimating GFR than equations based upon only one of the two markers. The present work concerns in what way a comparison between separate estimations of GFR based upon cystatin C (eGFR(cystatin C)) or creatinine (eGFR(creatinine)) can be used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a co

OBJECTIVEYounger age at menarche, a marker of pubertal timing in girls, is associated with higher risk of later type 2 diabetes. We aimed to confirm this association and to examine whether it is explained by adiposity.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study consists of 12,403 incident type 2 diabetes

Genetic markers can be used as instrumental variables, in an analogous way to randomization in a clinical trial, to estimate the causal relationship between a phenotype and an outcome variable. Our purpose is to extend the existing methods for such Mendelian randomization studies to the context of multiple genetic markers measured in multiple studies, based on the analysis of individual participan

Popular Abstract in English At the beginning of 20th century, scientists started to realize that atoms exhibited the discrete behaviour, e.g. the energies of bond electrons were not continuously distributed, but had discrete values. Light is also transmitted as discrete packages (called photons). These phenomena can not be explained by classical physics, which has been accepted as the law of descrThe work presented in this thesis was concerned with investigating the relevant spectroscopic properties of Ce ions randomly doped in an Y2SiO5 crystal at low temperatures (around 4 K), in order to develop a technique and an experimental set-up to detect the fluorescence photons emitted by a single Ce ion. The aim of the work was to determine whether a single Ce ion (referred to as the readout ion