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Studies of birdmigration in the Beringia region of Alaska and eastern Siberia are of special interest for revealing the importance of bird migration between Eurasia and North America, for evaluating orientation principles used by the birds at polar latitudes and for understanding the evolutionary implications of intercontinental migratory connectivity among birds as well as their parasites. We use
BACKGROUND: The role of long-acting, inhaled beta2-agonists in treating asthma is uncertain. In a double-blind study, we evaluated the effects of adding inhaled formoterol to both lower and higher doses of the inhaled glucocorticoid budesonide. METHODS: After a four-week run-in period of treatment with budesonide (800 microg twice daily), 852 patients being treated with glucocorticoids were random
Background: Serial transverse enteroplasty facilitates weaning from parenteral support in selected patients with short bowel syndrome, although repeated procedure is frequently required. Our aim was to evaluate the outcome of a series of patients after serial transverse enteroplasty and define predictors of repeated serial transverse enteroplasty and weaning off parenteral support. Methods: All ch
What is often more important in the international investment agreements between a private investor and the host country is to ensure the investors' economic security in the host country. However, recently, one of the concerns in most of these agreements is human rights. Then one of the host country's obligations is the observance of human rights obligations. The problem is that investors a
Digitaliseringen i samhället breder ut sig i allt större omfattning. Utvecklingen öppnar upp för en mängd möjligheter men kommer även med en hel del utmaningar. Processer som tidigare varit beroende av manuella förfarande kan nu hanteras helt automatiskt. Detta gäller exempelvis möjligheten att fatta automatiserade beslut inom den offentliga förvaltningen. AI möjliggör för mer komplicerade uppgiftDigitalization in our society is rapidly extending into new areas. The development opens up for many possibilities but also brings a number of challenges. Processes that were earlier dependent on manual procedures can now be managed automatically. This can for example be carried out through automated decision-making within the public administration. For more complicated tasks AI can extend the pos
Konkurrensrätten är en av EU-rättens grundläggande pelare. En av konkurrensrättens viktigaste bestämmelser är art. 101 FEUF som stadgar ett förbud mot konkurrensbegränsande samarbeten. Det är dock inte alla typer av konkurrensbegränsningar som omfattas av detta förbud. Konkurrensbegränsningar som har konkurrensbegränsande resultat kan i vissa fall anses accessoriska och omfattas då inte av förbudeCompetition law is one of the fundamental parts of EU law. One of the most important provisions of competition law is art. 101 TFEU, which prohibits agreements and concerted practices that restricts competition. However, not all restraints on competition are covered by art. 101 TFEU. Restraints on competition that have anti-competitive effect are sometimes considered as ancillary restraints and th
Gränsen mellan spel- och tävlingsvinster kan vara svår att dra, men det är ack så viktigt att den dras korrekt. Skatterättsligt skiljer sig nämligen behandlingen av de båda vinstformerna åt markant, där tävlingsvinster som huvudregel beskattas av vinnaren. Spelvinster medför däremot inte någon individbeskattning, utan här får istället arrangören vara den bidragande aktören. Avvägningen mellan spelThe line between gambling and competition wins can be difficult to draw, but it is important that it is drawn correctly. In fact, tax law differs significantly in the treatment of the two forms of profit, where competition winnings are, as a general rule, taxed by the winner. Gambling winnings on the other hand, do not entail any individual taxation. Here, the organizer is instead the contributing
Varför slänger vi hela saker? I en tid där shopping på IKEA är ett stående helgnöje och soffkuddar byts ut med varje ny inredningssäsong växer sig trots allt ett intresse för en mer hållbar ekonomi och en miljövänligare livsstil större. Att skifta dagens resurskrävande och avfallsproducerande ekonomi till vad som brukar kallas en cirkulär ekonomi är en möjlig lösning för att möta den växande popIn a circular economy all materials and resources should be used for as long as possible, therefore waste management is a crucial part. This study aims to map the reasons behind how people chose to handle things they no longer want. By con- ducting interviews with 91 respondents at the two recycling centres in Lund; Gastelyckan and Gunnesbo, some general reasons were discovered. By interview- ing
Children used by military groups in armed conflicts are assigned to different roles and activities depending on their gender identities. In this thesis, therefore, the hypothesis put forward is that application and interpretation of the war crime of “using [children under the age of fifteen years] to participate actively in hostilities” (Articles 8(2)(b)(xxvi) and 8(2)(e)(vii) of the Rome Statute
Uppsatsen behandlar vissa frågor kopplade till värdeöverföringar i koncernmiljö. En koncern ses ofta, i alla fall ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv, som en enhet men moderbolag och dotterbolag ses aktiebolagsrättsligt som skilda rättssubjekt med egen förmögenhet och egna borgenärer. Det som brukar kallas förtäckt värdeöverföring definieras i aktiebolagslagen (2005:551) som en ”annan affärshändelse somThis paper describes a few questions relating to value transfers within company groups. A company group is often seen as a whole, at least from an economic point of view. The parent company and its subsidiaries are, however, in Swedish company law seen as different entities with their own respective assets and creditors. A transaction described in the Swedish Companies Act (2005:551) as ”another
Området för hemlig avlyssning av elektronisk kommunikation (hemlig teleavlyssning) och hemlig övervakning av elektronisk kommunikation (hemlig teleövervakning) är ett område som tidvis vållar stor debatt bland jurister och även bland allmänheten. få EU-rättsliga akter har nog varit så medialt uppmärksammade som datalagringsdirektivet som nyligen ogiltigförklarades av Europeiska unionens domstol. DThe area of covert interception of electronic communication (telephone tapping) and covert surveillance of electronic communication (covert telephone surveillance or metering) is an area which at times causes much debate in the legal profession and among the general public as well. There are probably few legal acts of the European Union that have received as much attention in the media as the Data
The long-distance migration that some animals accomplish can be truly astonishing. It can be observed in several different groups of animals with some of the most famous examples being sea turtles, birds, salmon and the Monarch butterfly. How these animals manage to navigate over distances sometimes as long as 10000 km nobody knows for sure. There is evidence of some animal’s ability to navigate u
Gastric cancer trends seem to follow improvements in the environment of blue-collar workers, but the etiological role of occupational exposures in gastric carcinogenesis is scantily investigated. The risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in 10 common occupational industries, and particularly the long-term effects of asbestos, organic solvents, impregnating agents, insecticides, and herbicides, were evalu
Avtalsbundenhet uppstår genom likalydande viljeförklaringar. När en part har givit ett anbud och en annan part en accept, har ett avtal kommit till stånd. Anbudet ska vara bindande och accepten ska vara ren och lämnas inom acceptfristen. Är så inte fallet kan det vara fråga om en sådan situation som genererar svarsplikt. Svarsplikt innebär att en part måste uppmärksamma sin motpart på att ett missBinding contracts arise from identical declarations of intent. When one party has made an offer and another party has made an acceptance, a contract has been formed. The offer must be binding and the acceptance must be qualified and submitted within the stipulated period for acceptance. If this is not the case, it may be a situation that generates a duty to reply. The duty to reply means that a pa
Title: Belongingness and Submission: Confining Chefs in Abusive Environments Authors: Jessica Lundqvist & Johanna Wiese Supervisor: Sanne Frandsen, Lund University, Sweden Examiner: Roland Paulsen, Lund University, Sweden Course: BUSN49, Degree Project in Master’s Programme Managing People, Knowledge and Change, Business Administration Submission Date: May 26, 2025 Purpose: The purpose
In the first reading of the Draft Articles on State Responsibility, the ILC adopted Article 19, which made a distinction between two categories of internationally wrongful acts&semic 'delicts' and 'crimes' of states. This article, however, proved to be highly controversial. Consequently, the ILC in the second reading decided to 'decriminalize' state responsibility, i.e.
Articles 18(a) and 27 ECVD are instruments within the Directive to restore neutrality of EU VAT, which has been breached by the numerous exemptions. For the purposes of this research neutrality is interpreted as a particular expression of the general EU law principle of equal treatment. The actual field of application of the provisions is studied through a legal dogmatic method and by researching
Av regeringsformens portalparagraf framgår att den svenska folkstyrelsen inte bara förverkligas genom ett representativt och parlamentariskt statsskick utan också genom kommunal självstyrelse. Begreppet ”kommunal självstyrelse” är emellertid så vagt att det ger utrymme för olika tolkningar. Uppsatsens syfte är därför att med tillämpning av den rättsdogmatiska metoden ut-reda vad som avses med kommChapter 1 art. 1 of the Instrument of Government declares that Swedish democracy is realised through a representative and parliamentary form of government and through local self-government. However, the term “local self-government” is vague and thus allows for differing interpretations. The initial purpose of this essay, therefore, is to explain the meaning it is given in the preparatory work and
