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Popular Abstract in Swedish Cellulosa är ett av de vanligast förekommande biologiska ämnena på jorden och en mycket viktig råvara. Cellulosa är en polymer, uppbyggd av glukosmolekyler som är bundna till varandra i kedjor. Kedjorna kan bli mycket långa och består ofta av flera tusen glukosmolekyler. Eftersom cellulosakedjor är lineära kan de packa sig parallellt med varandra och bilda styva fibrer Soluble derivatives of cellulose have become increasingly important in industrial products e.g. in pharmaceutical applications and in technical dispersions. The polymer characteristics of modified celluloses are to a high degree determined by the substituent distribution along the polymeric backbone. The distribution will be more or less heterogeneous both due to the fact that polymers from renewa

Prolonged hyperglycemia in poorly controlled diabetes leads to an increase in reactive glucose metabolites that covalently modify proteins by non-enzymatic glycation reactions. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the proteins that becomes glycated in hyperglycemia. The impact of glycation on apoA-I protein structure and function in lipid and glucose metabolism w

Familial risks for histopathology-specific cancers have not been determined. We used the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database on 10.2 million individuals and 1 million tumors to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for familial cancers of specific histology and morphology among 0- to 66-year-old offspring. We used histology codes for both offspring and parents, but because of the li

Permafrost degradation has the potential to change the Arctic tundra landscape. We observed rapid local thawing of ice-rich permafrost resulting in thaw pond formation, which was triggered by removal of the shrub cover in a field experiment. This study aimed to examine the rate of permafrost thaw and the initial vegetation succession after the permafrost collapse. Methods In the experiment, we mea

Ytan av alla celler är dekorerad med kolhydrater som står för mycket av den information en cell överför till omgivande celler. Många av kolhydraterna tillhör en föreningsklass som kallas proteoglykaner som består av ett protein sammanbundet med en eller flera långa kolhydratkedjor. Dessa kolhydratkedjor kallas glykosaminoglykaner och är bundna till proteinet via kolhydraten xylos. Än så länge har β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 7 (β4GalT7) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, which are important macromolecules involved in many biological processes such as cell growth and cell signaling as well as in cancer pathobiology and viral and bacterial infections. Despite its pivotal role, much is still unknown regarding the specific structure of

Contemporary debates on sustainability usually relies on standardised and normative categories, such as ‘social’ and ‘nature’, and on linear notions of time. This study explores a more complex perspective on the delicate borderlands between the ‘un-sustainable’ and the ‘sustainable’. A particular material and a particular place stand at the centre of attention: woollen Merino fibre on the South Am

The combination of density functional theory (DFT) with a multiconfigurational wave function is an efficient way to include dynamical correlation in calculations with multiconfiguration self-consistent field wave functions. These methods can potentially be employed to elucidate reaction mechanisms in bio-inorganic chemistry, where many other methods become either too computationally expensive or t

Deoxygenation affects many continental shelf seas across the world today and results in increasing areas of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen concentration ([O2]) <1.4 ml/L). The Baltic Sea is increasingly affected by deoxygenation. Deoxygenation correlates with other environmental variables such as changing water temperature and salinity and is directly linked to ongoing global climate change. To place t

Policy intervention schemes for increased deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV) have been launched in several countries, with varying success. In order to ensure an efficient deployment of the technology, thorough knowledge is needed about relevant present actors and institutions, and about how a desirable actor base and institutional setup should look like; mere cost reductions are not enough to

Where and how new industrial paths emerge are much debated questions in economic geography, especially in light of the recent evolutionary turn. This article contributes to the ongoing debate on path creation with a new analytical framework that specifies the formation of generic resources in embryonic industries. It suggests that path creation processes are not only conditioned by preexisting reg

Plant cells have two main modes of growth generating anisotropic structures. Diffuse growth where whole cell walls extend in specific directions, guided by anisotropically positioned cellulose fibers, and tip growth, with inhomogeneous addition of new cell wall material at the tip of the structure. Cells are known to regulate these processes via molecular signals and the cytoskeleton. Mechanical s