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Title: Assessing the Impact of ESG Performance on Financing Costs: An Analysis of Nordic Firms Seminar date: 31 May 2024 Course: BUSN79 - Degree Project in Accounting and Finance Authors: Julius Honkala & Carl Sawelin Advisor: Elias Bengtsson Key words: ESG, cost of capital, Nordics, Socially responsible investing, financial theory. Purpose: The motivation behind this study is to explore the r
Since the installment of direct elections to the European Parliament, turnout has been falling. The implications of low, and ever falling, turnout are many. By holding second-order elections in the form of local elections on the same day as the election for the European Parliament, which also is a second-order election, turnout increases. This thesis estimates that turnout would increase by approx
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the relationship between varying leverage ratios and performance for large Swedish firms. With a recent trend of decreasing borrowing rates, it is more common for Swedish firms to have a larger portion of debt on their balance sheets. This trend makes it important to understand the effects changing leverage has on firm performance. The relationship between
Title: Spheres of Influence - Exploring the impact of different ownership structures on the cost of debt. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether sphere ownership influences the cost of debt for Swedish firms, and if the effect can be explained by different types of sphere ownership, such as family, institutional, or bank-affiliated spheres. Methodology: To investigate the r
During the last two decades, corporate ESG practices have garnered significant attention from the global community. The development of responsible business practices in association with sustainability and the integration of stakeholders has become an important topic for firms reputation, their debt financing cost and long-term success. Drawing upon the stakeholder theory, where a firm's succes
This thesis investigates whether firms that hedge, specifically against interest rate, currency, or commodity risks, experience a lower cost of capital compared to non-hedging firms. It further explores the firm-specific conditions under which hedging is most effective in reducing financing costs. We develop a custom Python-based model that integrates regular expressions, Natural Language Processi
Objectives: COPD is a common and disabling disease that entails high costs for society. The objectives of this study were to measure the societal costs of COPD in Sweden, and to examine the relationship between severity of illness and costs. Methods: The costs of COPD were examined using a well-defined and representative cohort of subjects with mild, moderate, and severe COPD. Regular telephone in
This paper gives an overview of the concept of systemic risk in emerging markets, focusing from the risks arising when companies raise capital internationally. When companies become active on the international arena and especially in emerging markets, more considerations have to be taken into account before a sound investment decision can be made. Recent crises in Mexico, Asia and Russia have show
BACKGROUND: In Bangladesh, diarrhoea in children under-five is a major public health problem with cost implications. Although under-five diarrhoea mortality and morbidity have declined from 2007 to 2018, change in the economic burden is unknown. This study determined the change in the societal economic burden of under-five diarrhoea in Bangladesh comparing 2007 to 2018.METHODS: A prevalence-based,
This thesis investigates potential macroeconomic effects of replacing a substantial part of the energy demand by green hydrogen in Brazil, Germany, Japan and the US. The objective is to calculate the levelized cost of hydrogen by assuming domestic production of green hydrogen, corresponding to 11% of the energy demand, in each respective country. Thus, this thesis provides insights into the econom
In this paper we empirically test the role of firm-specific financial characteristics as drivers of international investment and production. We hypothesize that financial strength generates advantages that can be exploited through cross-border investment activity. The hypothesis is tested in a series of binary-response models, using a sample of 1379 European non-financial firms’ international acqu
Artikeln presenterar en databas med förmodligen de mest aktuella och tillförlitliga konsumentprisindexen (KPI) för ett stort urval av europeiska länder sedan 1870. Databasen utgör i huvudsak en sammanställning av existerande index men är ett bidrag genom att gå tillbaka till ursprungliga eller ignorerade källor. För vissa länder, där KPI saknats, konstrueras nya provisoriska index och vissa index This article presents a database with the probably most up-to-date and reliable consumer price indices for a large sample of European countries since 1870. The database is a compilation but a contribution by going back to original or ignored works. For some countries, where CPIs have been missing, new provisional indices are constructed, and some are reconstructed for critical periods. The article
According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the cost of equity estimates are a function of the systematic risk relative to the market portfolio. The market portfolio is a non-observable portfolio containing all investible assets in the world. CAPM is a well-established model in practice. However, most practitioners use an equity-only proxy to calculate the estimated cost of equity. In thi
In the face of an expected double demand for electricity by 2045 while also reaching the goal of being a net zero emission country, Sweden needs to expand the production capacity of low-emission electricity. As the right-wing government strives to facilitate new investments in nuclear power, this paper aims to examine the profitability of nuclear power in comparison to land-based wind power. Throu
The study examines the adequacy of the measurement of the cross-section of expected stock returns on the London Stock Exchange of the recent three-factor model introduced by Chen, Novy-Marx and Zhang against that of the Fama and French three-factor model. The former model use factors in addition to the market factor based on profitability and investment while the latter model use factors based on
Real wages are a convenient, useful, and powerful way to learn how life was like in the past. In this chapter we start by reviewing the methodology behind real wage estimations and their history. Then we look at the how real wages have contributed to shedding light on major issues in economic history such as the onset of modern economic growth, the Great Divergence, and colonialism in the Americas
