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A method is described for measurement of freely dissolved copper concentrations in natural water samples using supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction under equilibrium conditions, a technique denoted "equilibrium sampling through membranes" (ESTM). For this purpose, 1,10-dibenzyl-1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 as neutral carrier and oleic acid were used in the membrane phase. The main variables optimis
Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased urinary excretion of cystine and dibasic amino acids, which cause recurrent stone formation in affected individuals. Three subtypes of cystinuria have been described (type I, II, and III): type I is caused by mutations in the SLC3A1 gene, whereas nontype I (II and III) has been associated with SLC7A9 mutations. Of the 53 pati
Var och en som anklagas för brott ska enligt Europakonventionen tillförsäkras rätten till en rättvis rättegång samt rätten att betraktas som oskyldig fram till dess att motsatsen bevisats. Genom denna oskyldighetspresumtion ska den tilltalade i en brottmålsrättegång inte behöva bevisa sig fri och har därför även rätten att vara tyst. Som en konsekvens av oskyldighetspresumtionen är det därför åklaAccording to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, everyone accused of a crime must be guaranteed the right to a fair trial and the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty. Due to the presumption of innocence, the accused in a criminal trial should not have to prove his or her innocence and therefore also has the right to remain silent. As a
Det har länge varit en självklarhet att sexualbrott är egenhändiga brott, något som under de senaste åren börjat luckras upp. Förändring har öppnat upp för möjligheten för svenska domstolar att döma gärningsmän för sexualbrott på distans; alltså när de begått sexuella övergrepp på internet. Det görs med hänvisning till formuleringen i brottsbalkens sjätte kapitel, om det med hänsyn till kränkningeFor a long time, it has been a certainty that sexual assaults are self-inflicted crimes. This matter, however, has begun to change. This has presented the possibility for Swedish courts to convict perpetrators of sexual offenses from a distance; that is, when the offense has occurred on the internet. The wording of the sixth chapter of the Penal Code makes this possible, if the act can be compared
Molten salt applications are challenging from a material perspective. This degree project was carried out at Alfa Laval to give them a better understanding of the corrosion of solar salt on the standard heat exchanger material stainless steel 321. Similar tests have previously been performed externally. By developing test methods for in-house corrosion testing time and money can be saved. In thi
Today, many cities around the world are looking for means to reduce their consumption-originated emissions and in this way improve their sustainability. Consequently, local governments are becoming increasingly interested in the potential of the ‘sharing economy’ (SE). By enabling the consumption of resources and services through sharing as opposed to purchasing goods for ownership, urban sharing
År 2019 skedde en revidering av 12 kap. JB, även kallad hyreslagen. Genom lagändringen infördes nya regler för att råda bot på ett antal problem på hyresbostadsmarknaden. Ett av de problem som lagändringen syftat till att åtgärda var oskäliga hyror på andrahandshyresmarknaden, och en ny referensram för vad som utgör en skälig andrahandshyra infördes. Bestämmelsen har formen av en takregel, och staIn 2019 there was a revision of the rental legislation in Chapter 12 of the Swedish Land Code. The amendment introduced new rules to solve several problems in the rental housing market. One of the main problems addressed were unreasonable rent levels in the sublease market, and a new rule was introduced to solve this problem. The rule is a reference framework for what constitutes a legal, acceptab
Purpose: In this study, we examine the data from Chinese companies to test the relationship between cash flow and investment. While a wide assortment of previous research has examined the relationship between cash flow and investment, they have largely focused on empirical analysis from an US or a Western perspective. But, to date, little attention has been paid to such relationship using empirica
Under de senaste åren har en ny invändning i våldtäktsmål uppkommit i de svenska domstolarna; sexsomniinvändningen. Med denna invändning påstår försvarssidan att den sexuella handlingen har begåtts i sömnen, vilket medför avsaknad av medvetenhet och uppsåt. I brottsbalken stadgas att om inget annat är föreskrivet är en gärning endast ett brott om den företas med uppsåt. Om åklagaren inte lyckas moIn recent years, a new objection in rape cases has arisen in the Swedish courts; the sexsomnia objection. With this objection, the defense claims that the sexual act was committed during sleep, leading to the perpetrator lacking awareness and intent. The Swedish Criminal Code stipulates that, unless otherwise prescribed, an act is only a crime if committed with intent. Granted that the prosecutor
År 2017 antogs lag (2017:310) om framtidsfullmakter, LFF, med syftet att fungera som ett alternativ till systemet för godmans- och förmyndarskap i föräldrabalken (1949:381). LFF infördes för att ge enskilda möjligheten att kontrollera sina framtida ekonomiska och personliga förehavanden. Målet med den nya lagstiftningen var att öka den enskildes integritet och rätt till självbestämmande. FramtidsfIn 2017, the Act on powers of attorney for the future (2017:310) was adopted with the aim of serving as an alternative to the system for limited guardians and administrators in the Parental Code (1949:381). The Act was introduced to give individuals the opportunity to control their future financial and person-al affairs. The goal of the new legislation was to increase the individual´s integrity an
Medlingsinstitutet är en alternativ konflikthantering där parterna ges möjlighet att påverka konfliktens lösning och att återställa lugnet parterna emellan. Transaktioner är inte alltid friktionsfria och situationer kan uppstå där en av parterna vill föra saken inför domstol. Det är inte ovanligt att ombud i dessa situationer hotar om stämning som en skrämseltaktik för att ge sin part en hävstång.The Mediation Institute is a form of dispute resolution alternative to the judicial process where the parties may impact with the process and can influence the outcome, all in the purpose of restoring the calm between the parties. Transactions are not always successful and may result in a dispute where one party is inclined to take the dispute to court. It is not unusual that a part’s lawyer uses
This thesis concerns the refugee debate in Denmark. The study is a comparative case study in order to examine different aspects of the refugee debate. The aim of the study is to investigate the different approaches with focus on the reactions to the movement of refugees in 2015 and the war in Ukraine in 2022. The study aims to highlight how the refugees are portrayed in the Danish debate and explo
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common and deadliest form of blood cancer in adults, accounting for over 80% of acute leukemic diagnoses. Despite the introduction of new targeted therapies, survival rate remains low in adults, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. In a previous CRISPR screen performed by the Järås group, CALRETICULIN was identified as a regulator of human leuc
Inom modern investeringsrätt existerar sedan länge en konflikt mellan extensiva investeringsskyddsregler och värdländers allmänna intressen, och numera med exklusiv kompetens att sluta de internationella investeringsavtal som tangerar denna motsättning söker EU skydda de senare genom traktatens utformning. Som nödvändigt komplement till sådana konstruktioner menar dock förespråkare för allmänna inAt the heart of modern investment law it has since long resided a conflict between extensive investment protection norms and public policy interests of host states. After receiving exclusive competence to conclude international investment agreements governing this interrelation, the EU has tried to cater for those latter objectives through the design of these agreements. Yet in addition to treaty
Inom den svenska straffrätten uppfattas traditionellt individen som autonom, fri och rationell. Enligt den amerikanska professorn Martha Albertson Fineman bör däremot individen i grunden betraktas som sårbar. Ett område inom svensk straffrätt där frågor om sårbarhet och autonomi ställs på sin spets är sexuellt utnyttjande av beroendeställning. Området var tidigare reglerat som sexuellt utnyttjandWithin Swedish criminal law, the individual is traditionally understood as autonomous, free and rational. However, according to American Professor Martha Albertson Fineman, the individual should be seen as fundamentally vulnerable. A legal area within the Swedish criminal law where questions about vulnerability and autonomy come to a head is sexual exploitation of a position of dependence. This
Barnfridsbrottet i 4 § 3 kap. BrB är ett relativt nytt brott i svensk lagstiftning då det trädde i kraft 1 juli 2021. Lagstiftarens avsikt med bestämmelsen var att uppmärksamma barn som lever i miljöer där våld och andra brottsliga gärningar förekommer och låta deras röster höras genom hela den rättsliga processen. Forskning visar att barn som upplever våld mellan närstående är särskilt skadligt fThe criminalization of letting children witness violence or other crimes in Section 4, Chapter 3 in the Swedish Criminal Code is a relatively new offence as it came into force on 1 July 2021. The legislator's intention with this provision was to draw attention to children living in environments where violence and other criminal acts occur. Research shows that children who experience domestic v
The basis for this thesis work is derived from two sources, a new Swedish District Heating (DH) law and the internal operation of Landskrona Energi AB (LEAB). The law states that a DH company should present their customers with a comparison of relevant key figures to customers with similar user profiles. LEAB communicates pricing changes, a cost estimation for the coming year and newly calculated
This study investigates the policy interpretations of development as a concept in the Czech international development cooperation. The rapid transitional experience of countries in Central and Eastern Europe from aid recipient to aid donor claims to have established a unique type of donor, distinct from other major traditional donors, specifically in regard to their approaches to development. Furt
To examine nanoparticle toxicity there is a need to produce defined nanoparticles dispersed in a colloidal suspension. Such a solution could also be interesting for other fields such as nano-medicine. In order to disperse the particles in the liquid there are often surfactant added to the process that alternates the surface of the particles. As the research shows that the surface of a nanoparticle
After the failure to respond adequately to the changing patterns of conflict and violence after the end of the Cold War, human security was popularized in the 1990s as an alternative concept to security more suitable to face threats to individual security. Ever since, the question about what human security should entail has seen much discussion. This paper examines the different discourses which i
