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Recent studies have highlighted a central role for intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) in the generation of alpha 4 beta 7(+) CCR9(+) "gut tropic" effector T cells. Here, using RA-responsive element reporter mice, we demonstrate that both splenic and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) DCs enhanced retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling in CD8(+) T cells; however,

A fully integrated digitally controlled PLL used as a clock multiplying circuit is designed and fabricated. The PLL has no off-chip components and it is made from standard cells found in most digital standard cell libraries. It is therefore portable between processes as an IP-block. Using a 0.35 μm standard CMOS process and a 3.0 V supply, the PLL has a frequency range of 152 MHz to 366 MHz and oc

Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease often manifesting as a circular skin lesion. This cutaneous form of the disease is known as erythema migrans. In a 5-year follow-up study in southern Sweden, 31 of 708 individuals initially diagnosed with erythema migrans and treated with antibiotics were found to be reinfected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Although men and women were tick-bitten to the same e

Using a population synthesis model we estimate the fraction of stars of different types that are likely to show eclipses, as a function of the period. The population model is based on the bse-code from Hurley et al. (2002) which is a rapid binary evolution code that include all common effects in close binaries such as mass transfer, tidal locking, wind etc. We use this to evolve millions of system

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The dedicated production of biomass crops and the collection of residues in agriculture and forestry can lead to undesirable negative impacts and it is crucial that practices are found that ensure that these impacts are avoided or mitigated as far as possible. This chapter concerns the use of biomass for energy and the connection between increased bioenergy use and land use change (LUC). Land use

PurposeThe purpose is to provide a structured method for prioritising among the diversity of motives and goals of stakeholders involved in city logistics.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a three-year participant observation study in a city logistics project including ten stakeholders. The data relate to the understanding gained during the three years of study and nine semi-structur

Skin photoprotection is commonly believed to rely on the photochemistry of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI)- and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA)-based eumelanin building blocks. Attempts to elucidate the underlying excited-state relaxation mechanisms have been partly unsuccessful due to the marked instability to oxidation. We report a study of the excited-state deactivation of DHI using ste

Investigating proteins with techniques such as NMR or neutron scattering frequently requires the partial or complete substitution of D2O for H2O as a solvent, often tacitly assuming that such a solvent substitution does not significantly alter the properties of the protein. Here, we report a systematic investigation of the solvent isotope effect on the phase diagram of the lens protein gamma B-cry

Background. Trust is a complex concept, difficult to study, but very important in a patient-family physician relationship. One of the measures used to assess interpersonal trust is a scale developed by Anderson & Dedrick entitled the Trust in Physician Scale (TI PS). Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the TI PS properties in relation to the age, gender, and health status of primary

Reality isn’t what it appears to be. Contexts are not always clear and visible. People don’t always say what they really mean. And they don’t always mean what they say. When life is your stage manager, anything can happen. I often say, life is hard, my head is harder. Making documentaries is not for the faint-hearted.This PhD project explores creative processes and parallel realities in documentar

Bats navigate the dark using echolocation. Echolocation is enhanced by external ears, but external ears increase the projected frontal area and reduce the streamlining of the animal. External ears are thus expected to compromise flight efficiency, but research suggests that very large ears may mitigate the cost by producing aerodynamic lift. Here we compare quantitative aerodynamic measures of fli

Abstract in UndeterminedDifferential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) experiments allow three protein samples to be run per gel. The three samples are labeled with the spectrally resolvable fluorescent dyes, Cy2, Cy3, and Cy5, respectively. Here, we show that protein-specific dye effects exist, and we present a linear mixed model for analysis of DIGE data which takes dye effects into account. A Java

A searchable database of speech samples from more than 100 Swedish dialects is being established for use in research and education. Each dialect is represented by at least 12 speakers. Recordings are made of spontaneous speech as well as words and phrases elicited with a number of specific research goals in mind. This paper summarizes one of these goals, a prosodic typology for the Swedish dialect