Filetype
This chapter examines the complex relationship between social enterprises and taxation. The focus is not on a specific country, although various examples are mentioned. As specific tax measures for social enterprises are a form of tax incentives, the chapter discusses this public finance concept. In addition, an important legal constraint on introducing such incentives for social enterprises in th
We introduce the concept of “residual investigation” for program analysis. A residual investigation is a dynamic check installed as a result of running a static analysis that reports a possible program error. The purpose is to observe conditions that indicate whether the statically predicted program fault is likely to be realizable and relevant. The key feature of a residual investigation is that
Bacteria have evolved diverse immunity mechanisms to protect themselves against the constant onslaught of bacteriophages1-3. Similar to how eukaryotic innate immune systems sense foreign invaders through pathogen-associated molecular patterns4 (PAMPs), many bacterial immune systems that respond to bacteriophage infection require phage-specific triggers to be activated. However, the identities of s
CONTEXT: Metabolomics has the potential to generate biomarkers that can facilitate understanding relevant pathways in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: Nontargeted metabolomics was performed, via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, in a discovery case-cohort study from the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP), which consisted of 698 metabolically healthy participants, of whom
We show that the observer-backstepping technique applied to linear control object and combined with linear control system design gives rise to a non-standard composition of control object, observer and controller. The resultant system is characterized by a full-order observer and a reduced-order control system design which in its complexity does not go beyond the `relative degree' of the control o
Data on longitudinal lung function change in the elderly are scarce. Uncertainty remains about whether to use absolute or relative change and how it relates to subject demographics.We studied absolute and relative forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) change in a population-based geriatric sample using a repeated measurements model adjusted for age, sex, smoking ha
This paper presents stability theory of adaptive systems using an extension of the Yakubovich-Kalman-Popov (YKP) lemma. Adaptive stability analysis is relevant for observer-based feedback control systems. Relaxation of the controllability and observability conditions imposed in the YKP lemma can be made for a class of adaptive systems described by a linear time-invariant system (LTI) with adaptive
J Thromb Haemostas 2009;7(Suppl2):abstract 758. DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03473_2.x
This paper examines the profound impact of digital technology on Classical and Mediterranean archaeology, with a focus on digital field recording and infrastructure. Using the 'skeuomorphism of practice' framework, it traces the integration of technology into our current practice. The Swedish Pompeii project is used as a case study to illustrate the adoption of 3D models into traditional archaeolo
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) drops recorded by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) identify patients with susceptibility to reflex syncope and orthostatic intolerance. We tested the hypothesis that treatments aimed to increase BP (reassurance, education & life-style measures plus pharmacological strategies) can reduce SBP drops.METHODS: Multicentre, o
To investigate multimodal signals in cat–human communication we recorded 36 cat–owner interactions in everyday situations that were judged by the owners for valence (negative, mixed or positive). We then coded the videos for behaviour using an ethogram including vocal, visual and tactile (multimodal) signals. Vocalisations were segmented and acoustic measures of duration and F0 obtained. In cats,
Autoimmune (type 1) diabetes (AI-DM) is a multistage disorder. Children are born genetically predisposed to putative environmental exposures. These trigger an aggressive, selective and chronic autoimmune response against the pancreatic islet beta cells. This stage is marked by autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), IA-2 and the ZnT8 transporter. Progression to clinica
The organization of the somatosensory input to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord has for a long time been viewed as a somatotopical map of the body that is adult-like already at birth. Recent studies indicate, however, that the adult somatotopic organization in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord emerges from an initial floating and diffuse body representation with many inappropriate connections t
Antibodies are an essential part of the human immune system, and antibody mediated immunity has been an area of interest for many researchers for almost a century. An accumulation of knowledge regarding antibody structure, glycosylation and receptor interactions has contributed to the current understanding of antibody mediated immunity. It has more recently become evident how bacteria and other mi
