Search results

Globally, water-saving irrigation plays a vital role in agricultural ecosystems to achieve sustainable food production under climate change. Irrigation under mulch (IUM) system has been widely used in modern agricultural ecosystems due to its high water use efficiency, but it remains unclear how each component of the water and energy processes responds to this agricultural management practice. Cur

With the abundance of observations and advancement in modeling, temperate regions allow for a comprehensive comparison of the data-driven and process-based methods of carbon budget estimation. This chapter presents a review of the latest methodologies for carbon budget and component flux estimation, and the key components in the temperate carbon budget, such as forest regrowth, and summarizes unce

Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affect the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and

Quantitatively assessing the impact of irrigation and groundwater management strategies is crucial for improving water productivity and soil salinity control in cold arid areas with shallow groundwater tables (CAASGT). However, existing studies often focus on specific periods, either the crop growth period or the freeze–thaw period, due to the lack of appropriate models that can accurately represe

Accurate and reliable estimation of actual evapotranspiration (AET) is essential for various hydrological studies, including drought prediction, water resource management, and the analysis of atmospheric–terrestrial carbon exchanges. Gridded AET products offer potential for application in ungauged areas, but their uncertainties may be significant, making it difficult to identify the best products

Rapid warming increases winter soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux in Arctic tundra ecosystems, which can significantly offset carbon (C) uptake during growing seasons and affect the overall annual C balance. In winter, the Arctic landscape is predominantly covered with snow, which is vital for regulating ecological processes. Nevertheless, the impact of snow redistribution on the spatial distributio

The term “Holocene temperature conundrum” refers to the inconsistencies between proxy-based reconstructions and transient model simulations, and it challenges our understanding of global temperature evolution during the Holocene. Climate reconstructions indicate a cooling trend following the Holocene Thermal Maximum, while model simulations indicate a consistent warming trend due to ice-sheet retr

Mercury (Hg) has been stored in permafrost peatlands for millennia. As permafrost thaw is predicted to increase with ongoing climate warming, Hg is at risk to be remobilized from those peatlands and hotspots for Hg methylation could potentially form. Monomethylmercury (MeHg) is a known neurotoxin and a health concern to northern communities if Hg is remobilized, transformed to MeHg and subsequentl

Accurate, high-resolution global land use and land cover (LULC) mapping is crucial for environmental monitoring, but remains challenging when relying solely on multispectral data. Most existing global LULC mapping studies rely exclusively on multispectral observations, and even those that incorporate synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data often fail to fully exploit the information it provides. SAR p

The EC-Earth earth system model has been recently developed to include the dynamics of vegetation. In its original formulation, vegetation variability is simply operated by the Leaf Area Index (LAI), which affects climate basically by changing the vegetation physiological resistance to evapotranspiration. This coupling has been found to have only a weak effect on the surface climate modeled by EC-

Savannah regions are predicted to undergo changes in precipitation patterns according to current climate change projections. This change will affect leaf phenology, which controls net primary productivity. It is of importance to study this since savannahs play an important role in the global carbon cycle due to their areal coverage and can have an effect on the food security in regions that depend

OBJECTIVES: To determine the agreement between transvaginal ultrasound examinations performed before and at saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) with regard to number, size and shape of Cesarean section (CS) scar defects. METHODS: In all, 108 women underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination with SCSH at least 6 months after CS: 68 had undergone one CS, 32 two CSs and eight women had undergo

Cold region ecosystems store vast amounts of soil organic carbon (C), which upon warming and decomposition can affect the C balance and potentially change these ecosystems from C sinks to carbon dioxide (CO2) sources. We quantified the decadal year-round CO2 flux from an alpine steppe-ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau using eddy covariance and automatic chamber approaches during a period of signifi

Water demand growth coupled with its high spatial-temporal mismatch of water resources will lead to an increasing water scarcity worldwide. In order to investigate a robust long-term water stress for ecosystems and regions across China, the improved maximum entropy production (MEP) method was utilized to obtain a reliable evapotranspiration (ET) product during 1982–2015. Afterwards four water stre

Large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulated in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost regions may be vulnerable to climatic warming, but global estimates of SOC distribution and magnitude in permafrost regions still have large uncertainties. Based on multiple high-resolution environmental variables and a compiled soil sample dataset (>3000 soil profiles), we used machine-learning methods to

Future Arctic tundra primary productivity and vegetation community composition will partly be determined by nitrogen (N) availability in a warmer climate. N mineralization rates are predicted to increase in both winter and summer, but because N demand and –mobility varies across seasons, the fate of mineralized N remains uncertain. N mineralized in winter is released in a “pulse” upon snowmelt and

Winter warming events (WWE) are abrupt and short-lasting (hours-to-days) events of extraordinarily warm weather occurring during wintertime, sometimes accompanied by rainfall (rain on snow events; ROS). Through direct heat transfer and changes in the snowpack properties, these events cause changes in the below-ground thermal regime that, in turn, controls a suite of ecosystem processes ranging fro

Plant transpiration links physiological responses of vegetation to water supply and demand with hydrological, energy, and carbon budgets at the land-atmosphere interface. However, despite being the main land evaporative flux at the global scale, transpiration and its response to environmental drivers are currently not well constrained by observations. Here we introduce the first global compilation

The global terrestrial carbon cycle plays a pivotal role in regulating the atmospheric composition of greenhouse gases. It has recently been suggested that the upward trend in net primary production (NPP) seen during the 1980's and 90's has been replaced by a negative trend since 2000 induced by severe droughts mainly on the southern hemisphere. Here we compare results from an individual-based glo