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Optimal stomatal theory predicts that stomata operate to maximise photosynthesis (Anet) and minimise transpirational water loss to achieve optimal intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We tested whether this theory can predict stomatal responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), and whether it can capture differences in responsiveness among woody plant functional types (PFTs). We conducted a me
Food systems transformation is critical for meeting our climate goals, and for ensuring individual health and food security by boosting resilience to external shocks. We face the challenge of producing enough nutritious food for our growing global population, whilst reducing our environmental impact at a time of increased competition and scarcity of resources. Protein diversification can play an i
The articles included in this thesis centre on what can be called the normative basis of risk analysis. Since risk analyses are decision procedures, they should adhere to norms of rational decision-making, and this they do. Most risk analysis schemes are built on a notion of the decision theoretic maxim that the goal of every decision is to maximize expected utility. However, for some thirty years
Scenario: Using adaptive dynamic theory, expose a monomorphic prey population to two habitat types and a visual predator. Questions: What circumstances can lead to the evolution of polymorphic crypsis? How is the outcome affected by the dispersal pattern of the prey and predator, by the amount of predation, and by the trade-off strength between the habitats? Mathematical method: I modelled three d
It is relevant to consider uncertainty in individual predictions when quantitative structure-activity (or property) relationships (QSARs) are used to support decisions of high societal concern. Successful communication of uncertainty in the integration of QSARs in chemical safety assessment under the EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) system can be faci
A dynamic coupled biogeochemical-ecological model was used to simulate the effects of nitrogen deposition and climate change on plant communities at three forest sites in France. The three sites had different forest covers (sessile oak, Norway spruce and silver fir), three nitrogen loads ranging from relatively low to high, different climatic regions and different soil types. Both the availability
This study investigates the environmental impact from dog food and cat food produced in Sweden. With over 2.5 million dogs and cats in Sweden the potential environmental effect from their food is relevant to investigate. The aim of this study is therefore to quantify the environmental impact of 1 kg dog and cat food sold by Granngården. This has been done with the life cycle assessment (LCA) metho
Lake Vomb is situated in the southwest of Skåne, Sweden, and is important due to its role as drinking water reservoir. The lake is situated in highly cultivated farmland and is highly influenced by nutrient rich run-off water. There is no locally adapted water management plan for lake Vomb and the lake is currently managed under a regional water management plan which covers the entire Southern B
Grobruket is a small company that works with cultivation in many ways and they are very aware of their climate footprint. Therefore, they are also interested in taking a deeper look into the environmental impact of different covering materials used for greenhouses. The most common covering materials used in greenhouses are glass, ethylene vinyl acetate plastic (EVA) and polycarbonate plastic. The
The wolf topic is subject for considerable controversy in Sweden. Today, wolves are recognized, by the IUCN redlist, as locally endangered and what is more, the Swedish population suffers from ample inbreeding. However, between 2010-2022 license hunts have been allowed on an almost yearly basis, albeit not without numerous appeals. Because the wolf is strictly protected under the European Unio
The Swedish consumers consumed in 2014 13.1 kilo textilies, of this 8 kilogram was dicarded via household waste and used for energy production. European Union’s waste hierarchy avocates a higher rate of reuse and recycling for a more sustainable textile flow. The Swedish goverment is, therefor, working toward new laws and guidelines which can lead to an expanded responsibility for the municipaliti
Since a large growth in population occurred during the 1800-1900 centuries in Sweden, an expansion of agricultural land became a necessity. The government provided farmers with an allowance to exploit wetlands. A large portion of wetlands has since then been lost and used for cultivation, in particular peat lands. The drainage of peat lands results in a loss in biodiversity, poorer water condition
Chemicals are becoming more and more important and almost essential for human life. Therefore, the human exposure of hazardous chemicals has increased substantially. Alternative assessment (AA) is a method used for substitution of hazardous chemicals and requirements for substitution are included in European health and safety legislation. As part of Region Kalmar läns environmental and sustainabil
Reducing plastic waste incineration is crucial for Sweden’s transition to a carbon neutral society in 2045. To achieve this goal, it is essential to increase the material recycling of plastics. The availability of recyclable plastics depends on the private individual’s participation in sorting their plastic waste at the municipal recycling centres. Currently, the sorting quality of the rigid plast
The purpose of this study was to investigate how women working for different women’s organizations within civil society in Zimbabwe perceive and experience their own as well as other women’s ability and existing opportunities to influence and participate in politics and decision-making. Several research questions were elaborated that address the role of the women’s organizations, the opportunities
To address the problems of climate change and energy security, Chinese government strived to develop renewable power as an important alternative of conventional electricity. In this paper, the learning curve model is employed to describe the decreasing unit investment cost due to accumulated installed capacity; the technology diffusion model is used to analyze the potential of renewable power. Com
Bränder utgör en viktig roll i jordens system. Det är kritiskt för oss att förstå bränder och dess drivkrafter, för att på så sätt kunna förutspå brändernas förändring på grund av klimatförändring. Den här studien använder sig av Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) brandens area produkt MCD45A1 för att karakterisera bränder. Högupplöst data är omformaterad till 0.25° × 0.25° cellWildfires play an important role in the earth system. Understanding the relationship between wildfires and their drivers is critical for us to predict fire regime transformations under the changing climate and anthropogenic influences. This study used the novel Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area product MCD45A1 to characterize wildfires. The high resolution data were
Human use of natural resources poses a great challenge to social-ecological and socio-technical sys- tems alike: supply risks, pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, waste generation on the one hand, but also issues of global justice and societal well-being on the other hand. In order to test potential im- pacts of developments and strategies relevant to resource policy, the SimRess project first
WORLD6 model was developed and applied to simulate potential future supply and scarcity of a num- ber of natural resources within the system dynamics modelling workpackage of the SimRess project. The main objective of this report is to outline the overall structure of the WORLD6 model and provide a detailed description of the “resources” module implemented in the model.In the WORLD6 model, resourc
We investigated the occurrence of microplastics (size range 5,000-50 µm) in leach-ates at 11 landfills of different age and operational status in Finland, Iceland and Nor-way. Collective sampling was carried out by pumping leachate with a stainless-steel submergible pump through a custom-made, stainless-steel filter unit containing filter plates with decreasing pore sizes (5,000, 417 and 47 µm, re
