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The 8.2 ka bp cooling event is assumed to be the most clearly marked abrupt climate event in the Holocene at northern mid- to high latitudes. In this study, we simulate the vegetation responses to the 8.2 ka bp climate change event over Europe and Northern Africa. Our results show that all dominant plant functional types (PFTs) over Europe and North Africa respond to these climate changes, but the
The paper investigates possible effects of cross-linguistic variation on measures of syntactic complexity in 60 texts from learners of L2 English, L3 French and L4 Italian at CEFR level A and CEFR level B. A previous study by Gyllstad et al. (2014) showed significant differences between proficiency levels for two length measures of complexity in English and French, but not in Italian. In this papeThe paper investigates possible effects of cross‐linguistic variation on measures of syntactic complexity in 60 texts from Swedish L1 learners of English, French and Italian as foreign languages at CEFR level A and CEFR level B. A previous study on the same learners and texts, showed significant differences between proficiency levels for two length measures of complexity in English and French, but
Nonlinear responses to externally forced climate change are known to dampen or amplify the local climate impact due to complex cross-compartmental feedback loops in the Earth system. These feedbacks are less well represented in the traditional stand-alone atmosphere and ocean models on which many of today's regional climate assessments rely (e.g., EURO-CORDEX, NOSCCA and BACC II). This has promote
Lantbruket rankas konsekvent som en av de mest riskfyllda sektorerna i Sverige såväl som i många andra delar av världen. Förutom lidande för den enskilde beräknas dödliga och icke dödliga skador i svenskt lantbruk kosta samhället 2 – 3 miljarder kr per år. I Sverige inträffade det cirka 5 000 olyckor på jordbruksföretag 2004. Detta innebar att minst en olycka inträffade på 8% av svenska gårdar som
Large-scale photovoltaic solar farms envisioned over the Sahara desert can meet the world's energy demand while increasing regional rainfall and vegetation cover. However, adverse remote effects resulting from atmospheric teleconnections could offset such regional benefits. We use state-of-the-art Earth-system model simulations to evaluate the global impacts of Sahara solar farms. Our results indi
Although nursing is the main area of interest in the curriculum of the specialist ambulance nursing program in the advanced level of education, there has been reported a lack of knowledge about nursing in within the ambulance service. The aim was to explore specialist ambulance nurses’ perceptions of nursing, which were explored by employing a phenomenographic approach. The study comprises individ
Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Atmospheric emissions and concentrations of CH4 continue to increase, making CH4 the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing, after carbon dioxide (CO2). The relative importance of CH4 compared to CO2 depends on its shorte
The synthesis aims to lay the foundation for an improved understanding of the biophysical influence of land-use and land-cover changes on regional climate and terrestrial ecosystem change in Sweden, and to outline a roadmap for developing tools that support the formulation of policies and decision-making by policymakers, taking these potentially significant effects into account. The additional inf
The Earth system model EC-Earth3 for contributions to CMIP6 is documented here, with its flexible coupling framework, major model configurations, a methodology for ensuring the simulations are comparable across different high-performance computing (HPC) systems, and with the physical performance of base configurations over the historical period. The variety of possible configurations and sub-model
The Arctic is warming rapidly, especially in winter, which is causing large-scale reductions in snow cover. Snow is one of the main controls on soil thermodynamics, and changes in its thickness and extent affect both permafrost thaw and soil biogeochemistry. Since soil respiration during the cold season potentially offsets carbon uptake during the growing season, it is essential to achieve a reali
The Community Atmosphere-Biosphere Land Exchange model (CABLE) is a land surface model (LSM) that can be applied stand-alone and provides the land surface-atmosphere exchange within the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS). We describe new developments that extend the applicability of CABLE for regional and global carbon-climate simulations, accounting for vegetation re
European managed grasslands are amongst the most productive in the world. Besides temperature and the amount and timing of precipitation, grass production is also highly controlled by applications of nitrogen fertilizers and land management to sustain a high productivity. Since management characteristics of pastures vary greatly across Europe, land-use intensity and their projections are critical
The “Green Sahara” is a period when North Africa was characterized by vegetation cover and wetlands. To qualitatively identify the orbital-climatic causation of the Green Sahara regime, we performed dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) simulations, driven by climate forcings from coupled general circulation model (EC-Earth) simulations for the mid-Holocene, in which the vegetation is prescribed to
This thesis has as a purpose the investigation of sustainable requirements compliance with regards to competition in public procurement contracts. This paper looks into Directive 2014/24 and notably its primary law influence in order to understand the legal foundations underlying sustainability and competition. It showcases, firstly, that Article 18(1) wording and legal interpretation provides a l
Economic sanctions are defined as the exercise of pressure by one state to produce a change in the political behaviour of another state. Traditional economic sanctions are directed at the entire population of a state whilst targeted sanctions are directed at a state’s individuals. This thesis discusses the application of economic sanctions against Iran by the UN, the EU and the United States. Econ
This thesis is an attempt to understand how the traditional female gender identity is constructed and what kind of structures that are maintaining it. I also study how this identity is reflected in young women's conception of themselves and in their views upon whether they should sign in to the military service or not. The theoretical framework that I use mainly consists of theories about gen
Boreal and temperate forests are undergoing structural, compositional and functional changes in response to increasing temperatures, changes in precipitation, and rising CO2, but the extent of the changes in forests will also depend on current and future forest management. This study utilized the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS enabled with forest management (version 4.1.2, rev11016) to simulat
Significant positive and negative consequences across the entire spectrum of issues are expected from the much debated Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). This study investigates thoroughly the potential consequences for the education sector based on primary sources of the EU’s objectives and reflections for the TTIP negotiations. It approaches the possible consequences from the
