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This chapter does not deal with any practical aspects of light measurement, only with theoretical concepts. The following concepts are explained: energy fluence , energy fluence rate, photon fluence, photon fluence rate and radiance, mol, as well as the following superflu-ous or obsolete terms and synonyms: actinic flux, space irradiance, scalar irradiance, spherical irradiance, vectorial irradian
This article outlines a numerical study on the benefit of using High-Performance/Strength Concrete for fabrication of concrete elements. For this purpose a comparison is done between the cost of existing beams with normal strength concrete and optimized beams made of High-Performance/Strength Concrete. A background is given concerning the most essential properties of High-Performance/Strength Conc
A p-compact group, as defined by Dwyer and Wilkerson, is a purely homotopically defined p-local analog of a compact Lie group. It has long been the hope, and later the conjecture, that these objects should have a classification similar to the classification of compact Lie groups. In this paper we finish the proof of this conjecture, for p an odd prime, proving that there is a one-to-one correspond
In this paper it is argued that the restructuring following the stiffer competition stemming from increased global integration will trigger a race between countries to attract inward foreign direct investment (FDI). It is further argued that this race consists of last minute efforts and tailor-made packages designed by governments and their agencies to temporarily improve their country's otherwise
The construction of the European Spoliation Source (ESS) faces many challenges from the neutron beam transport point of view: the spoliation source is specified as being driven by a 5 MW beam of protons, each with 2 GeV energy, and yet the requirements in instrument background suppression relative to measured signal vary between 10(-6) and 10(-8). The energetic particles, particularly above 20 MeV
In classical eyeblink conditioning a subject learns to blink to a previously neutral stimulus. This conditional response is timed to occur just before an air puff to the eye. The learning is known to depend on the cerebellar cortex where Purkinje cells respond with adaptively timed pauses in their spontaneous firing. The pauses in the inhibitory Purkinje cells cause disinhibition of the cerebellar
This report uses a relational theory of risk within which risk is understood as a relationship between a risk object and an object at risk where the risk object threatens the value embedded in the object at risk. A case study of risk management in railway planning examined through a relational understanding of risk demonstrates how riskwork is conditioned by what is valued, how, and by whom. The r
Background TitanX Engine Cooling is a global supplier of powertrain cooling solutions to commercial vehicles, both for OEMs and the independent aftermarket. The company with annual sales of over 1.6 billion SEK (US$ 192 million) has some 800 employees worldwide. TitanX is headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden and has manufacturing sites in Sweden, USA, Brazil, China and Mexico. Its manufacturing fac
Background TitanX Engine Cooling is a global supplier of powertrain cooling solutions to commercial vehicles, both for OEMs and the independent aftermarket. The company with annual sales of over 1.6 billion SEK (US$ 192 million) has some 800 employees worldwide. TitanX is headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden and has manufacturing sites in Sweden, USA, Brazil, China and Mexico. Its manufacturing fac
Society faces multiple and interconnected crises that require transformation. Education has long been theorized as key to transformation, yet an important driver of transformation, imagination, is marginalised within pedagogical approaches to sustainability. This thesis examines Beyond the Fossil Era (BFE), a pedagogy that invites learners to become co-creators of a speculative museum looking back
This thesis deals with driving forces for CSR reporting in China. More and more international companies have published their CSR reports under the concern of sustainable development. Chinese companies are facing the environmental and social challenges in China today. CSR reporting has been taken as a sustainable development strategy by the Chinese Central Government and the pioneering Chinese comp
The President of the European Commission, Josè Manuel Barroso is demanding an innovation society in the European Union, while many of the citizens of the European Union are sceptical about the entire organization. This thesis deals with the question whether the European Union is an engine for innovation or not. Based on the four innova-tion indicators “Sustainability and Sustainable Development”,
Cow horn has been a craftig material in Europe for 1000s of years. Yet, in the last 100 years the material has disappeard from our pool of commonly used materials. Today it is mostly used for dogfood and gelatine. I believe that horn could again become a commonly used crafting material, especially for modern and sustainable products. Among my many visions for horn, I see it as a beautiful, natu
Italy is using drones to monitor migrants crossing the Mediterranean Sea. This is partially done through a contract with Leonardo S.p.A – one of the largest arms traders in the world – under which the company undertakes to operate drones in the area on behalf of the state. Meanwhile, Italy has withdrawn its naval assets and is hindering non-governmental organisations from carrying out search-and-r
This thesis discusses whether Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can affect a company’s, and consequently a portfolio’s, stock market performance. The study presupposes the regular assumptions drawn from CAPM. By creating three different portfolios, consisting of companies with similar financial characteristics, but with different levels of CSR-involvement, we investigate how the CSR-factor may
Interest in biofuel use is growing in aviation, due to its potential for lower GHG lifecycle emissions and as a possible price competitive alternative to fossil fuels in the long-term (ATAG, 2012). While the use of biofuels in aviation is a new phenomenon, compared to the automotive industry, several actors from the industry and governments have been involved in various initiatives to research, te
Hydropower in Brazil stands for 64.5% of all energy sources in the country. The largest number of hydropower plants are located in the Paraná basin, which together have an installed capacity of approximately 40 GW including the world’s largest producing hydropower plant, Itaipu. The wet season during Brazilian summer (January-March) is the most important for hydropower. Occasionally, extreme, su
