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International human rights law and international humanitarian law are traditionally two distinct branches of law, one dealing with the protection of individuals, the other with the conduct of parties to an armed conflict. There is today a recognition that international human rights law is applicable in situations of armed conflict, in parallel with international humanitarian law. The aim of this M
The purpose of my Master Thesis is to examine, in detail, how current international law relates to autonomous weapon systems. The background for this project is that the requirement of current international humanitarian law presupposes that the characters of war, namely soldiers and military officers, are human beings. Warfare has, however, changed increasingly since the Geneva Conventions were wr
Purpose - Food lost or wasted constitutes a substantial environmental, economic and social problem; today roughly one-third of edible parts of food that is produced for human consumption globally gets lost or wasted. Thus, a reduction of waste would contribute to a sustainable use of resources. It has been highlighted that packaging development has the potential to play an important role in this p
Two-photon-induced Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing, DFWM, was applied for the first time to the detection of CO, and NH3 molecules. Measurements were performed in a cell, and in atmospheric-pressure flames. In the cell measurements, the signal dependence on the pressure and on the laser beam intensity was studied. The possibility of simultaneous detection of NH3 and OH was investigated. Carbon monoxid
Avhandlingen, som består av fyra delstudier, är en femårsuppföljning av kvinnliga missbrukare, som var tvångsomhändertagna på Lunden mellan januari 1997 och december 2000, och som genomgick en omfattande utredning. Klienterna har systematiskt utretts med psykologiska och neuropsykologiska test i samarbete med personal och Lundens psykiater. Test och skattningsskalor som använts är standardiserade The study focus is a sample of women with drug dependence admitted to compulsory treatment according to the Swedish act of care for drug abusers (LVM, 1988:870) and according to the act of care for young persons (LVU, 1990:52). From a cohort consecutively admitted to residential treatment at Lunden between 1997 and 2000, a sample of 132 women was selected for a five year follow-up. They were evalu
Popular Abstract in Swedish POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA Vår arvsmassa finn's lagrad som linjära dubbelsträngade DNA-molekyler, kromosomer, i våra celler. Celler i vävnader och organ förnya's ständigt genom celldelning. Kromosomerna i en cell måste replikera's för att kunna ge upphov till två nya celler. Replikeringsmaskineriet har bara förmågan att arbeta i en riktning läng's meABSTRACT Telomerase activity is a potential molecular marker for cancer and primitive cells in regenerative tissues. The most commonly used method to measure telomerase activity in cells is the telomerase reverse amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, where the protein extracts derived from homogenized cells are analysed. In this thesis we focused on developing a method where telomerase activity co
The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate nature of adsorption of amphiphiles to the solid–liquid interface. The surface aggregate structures of the zwitterionic surfactant dodecyldimethylammoniopropanesulfonate, (DDAPS) and a series of nonionic polyoxyethlylene glycol alkyl ethers (C10E5, C12E5, C12E8, C10E6, C14E6 and C16E6) have been determined by Atomic Force Microscopy o
Popular AbstractSyftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka på vilket sätt teater med ungdomar, enligt ungdomarnas egna erfarenheter och utsagor om det, utgör en kollektiv bildningsprocess. I avhandlingens syfte ingår att analysera hur en teaterföreställning växer fram och att skapa förståelse för vad som sker mellan olika aktörer, främst mellan ungdomar och ledare.Forskningsfenomenet, unga människorThe objective of this research project is to investigate in what way young people's theatre playing, according to their own experiences, constitute a collective educational process. Also, the project aims at understanding the interaction between the different actors, and particularly between the young amateurs and their leaders. Young people's acting in this research project is understood from a p
Groundwater is Earth’s largest liquid freshwater resource. It is a significant component of the hydrological cycle and a buffer that sustainsrivers and freshwater-dependent ecosystems during droughts. Approximately half of the world’s population depends on groundwater fordrinking water, food, and hygiene. It is used extensively in agricultural irrigation, food production and for industrial process
Since the adoption of the Charter of the United Nations the pattern of conflict in the international arena has drastically changed. From largely being a scene for inter-state conflicts, internal conflicts have predominated the post-war era. The few international conflicts that the post-war world has witnessed have originated in civil conflicts. The principle of non-intervention implies the duty fo
The national courts of the Member States in the European Community are obliged to apply the Community law when it is relevant to the case before them. This obligation arises out of the co-operation principle laid down in Article 5 of the EC Treaty. When a national court is to apply a Community provision, and finds itself in doubt about how the provision is to be interpreted, or applied, that court
The Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) have proved to combat inequalities, neoliberal policies, and ultimately, counteract the hegemonic economic rationale imposed by the market (Gaiger 2007). In particular, co-operatives are engaged in some market activity, although the economic principle does not prevail over the social objectives of the organisation. Indeed, this is the core of the social inno
Introduction: Treatment after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury includes physical therapist supervised neuromuscular training, with or without surgical reconstruction, aiming to improve patient-reported outcomes and muscle function. Despite this treatment, sensorimotor deficiencies persist, possibly constituting a contributing factor for risk of re-injury, early-onset osteoarthritis, and a l
The advent of optogenetic tools has had a profound impact on modern neuroscience research, revolutionizing our understanding of the brain. These tools offer a remarkable ability to precisely manipulate specific groups of neurons with an unprecedented level of temporal precision, on the order of milliseconds. This breakthrough has significantly advanced our knowledge of various physiological and pa
Purpose – The aim of this paper is to contribute with increased knowledge of the complex role of internal communication during a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, the authors want to address the following research questions. How can the overall approach to internal crisis communication during the pandemic be interpreted, and what view of internal crisis communication does this
Global levels of carbon emissions are constantly rising causing irreversible damages to ecosystems. The heavy transport sector and the industrial sector are responsible for large amounts of the emissions on a yearly basis. Therefore, Power-to-X is presented as an alternative pathway for the production of industry standard chemical, in view of a green transition towards decarbonising emission-heavy
This thesis was done in collaboration with the department of Food Technology at LTH, Aventure AB, and Arwa Foodtech AB. The aim of the project was to develop the base for a baobab based, spoonable protein snack, comparable to quarg but free from ingredients of animal origin. At the time of writing, one of the biggest if not the biggest trend in the food industry is the replacement of animal-source
In regard to the energy sector, it is generally presumed that in post-Lisbon era and since the adoption of Third Energy Package the Member States and institutions of the Union act in a shared format. However, by developing new legislation in the field, supra-national institutions tend to shift the competence away from shared (as it currently stands). Even if the guidelines for decisions granting e
I syfte att bekämpa grov brottslighet vidtar svenska myndigheter olika provokativa åtgärder, däribland brottsprovokation. Otillbörlig brottsprovokation innebär att någon provoceras att begå ett brott som denne annars inte hade begått. Detta är idag otillåtet, både enligt svensk rätt och enligt Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande fri- och rättigheterIn order to combat serious crime, Swedish authorities implement provocative actions, including entrapment. Undue entrapment means that someone is provoked to commit a crime that he or she would not otherwise have committed. This is currently prohibited, both under Swedish law and under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The purpose of the prohibition of such entrapment is to protect t
När ett barn placeras i ett familjehem, med anledning av missförhållanden i ursprungshemmet, är grundprincipen att barnet så snart det är möjligt ska återvända hem. För att omhändertagandet inte ska utgöra en kränkning av barnets rätt till familjeliv, måste myndigheterna arbeta aktivt för att få till ett återförenande. Samtidigt har det i olika rättsliga dokument och rättspraxis utvecklats en prinWhen a child is placed in foster care, the basic principle is that the child should return home as soon as possible. In order for the treatment not to constitute a violation of the child's right to family life, the authorities must work actively to reunite the family. At the same time, a principle has been developed in various legal documents and case law, whereby continuity and stability must
