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Placebo comparisons are increasingly being considered for randomised trials assessing the efficacy of surgical interventions. The aim of this Review is to provide a summary of knowledge on placebo controls in surgical trials. A placebo control is a complex type of comparison group in the surgical setting and, although powerful, presents many challenges. This Review outlines what a placebo control
Descriptions of crustacean brains have focused mainly on three highly derived lineages of malacostracans: the reptantian infraorders represented by spiny lobsters, lobsters, and crayfish. Those descriptions advocate the view that dome- or cap-like neuropils, referred to as 'hemiellipsoid bodies,' are the ground pattern organization of centers that are comparable to insect mushroom bodies in proces
Purpose of this paper The purpose of this article is to explore themes and challenges in making logistics environmentally sustainable with a complexity theoretical perspective. Design/methodology/approach The research is explorative and based on a cross-sectional design focusing on different entities of supply chains. The study set out with a systematic review and content analysis of articles in
A main objective of the research is to develop an educational math game based on the pedagogies of learning by teaching (Bargh & Schul, 1980) , peer coaching and social role models (Bandura1986, 2000; Schunk, 1987) while exploiting a tight interrelation of task oriented and socially oriented conversation. Another objective is to use the game to explore the mentioned pedagogical topics via desi
Active avoidance of information is gaining attention in behavioral sciences, and recently also its’ relevance from an economic theory perspective. We explore motivations and policy implications of active avoidance of carbon emission information. In a stated preference survey respondents were asked to indicate if they wished to access carbon emission information (info-takers) or not (info-decliners
Background: Treatment of postoperative pain remains a significant clinical problem, and prediction of patients with a risk of higher postoperative pain levels is an important focus. We aimed to identify patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) with risk of higher pain levels at 24 h postoperatively by using four simple and easily available clinical tools. Methods: This prospective observat
The flat periwinkles, Littorina fabalis and L. obtusata, comprise two sister gastropod species that have an enormous potential to elucidate the mechanisms involved in ecological speciation in the marine realm. However, the molecular resources currently available for these species are still scarce. In order to circumvent this limitation, we used RNA-seq data to characterize the transcriptome of fou
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) product provided over 17 years of gridded precipitation datasets. However, the accuracy and spatial resolution of TMPA limits the applicability in hydrometeorological applications. We present a dataset that enhances the accuracy and spatial resolution of the TMPA monthly product (3B43). We resample the TMPA
Apartment buildings have been built in a wind exposed area situated close to the seaside in Malmö, Sweden. Several goals when building these apartments have been articulated, for example low energy usage, validation of the leakage factor and a satisfying indoor environment. The purpose of this study is to examine how the people living in the apartments experience the indoor climate. Their experien
