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Background/Aims: We have observed a difference between patients on low-flux hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis and patients on hemodiafiltration (HDF) or high-flux HD in the capacity of transmigrated leukocytes to mobilize CD11b in response to inflammatory stimuli compared with healthy subjects. This could be due to different interstitial chemokine concentrations. Methods: We measured concen

Here we studied whether glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), given as a single bolus injection before an intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion, can protect the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons against the toxin-induced damage and preserve normal motor functions in the lesioned animals. GDNF or vehicle was injected in the striatum (25 microg), substantia nigra (25 microg) or

The ribosome has a distinct lateral protuberance called the stalk; in eukaryotes it is formed by the acidic ribosomal P-proteins which are organized as a pentameric entity described as P0-(P1-P2)(2). Bilateral interactions between P0 and P1/P2 proteins have been studied extensively, however, the region on P0 responsible for the binding of P1/P2 proteins has not been precisely defined. Here we repo

Because of their limited size and complexity, de novo designed proteins are particularly useful for the detailed investigation of folding thermodynamics and mechanisms. Here, we describe how subtle changes in the hydrophobic core of a model three-helix bundle protein (GM-0) alter its folding energetics. To explore the folding tolerance of GM-0 toward amino acid sequence variability, two mutant pro

The structure of eleven complexes of cadmium-substituted alcohol dehydrogenase with or without coenzyme and with different non-protein cadmium ligands has been estimated by combined quantum chemical and molecular mechanical geometry optimisations. The geometry of the optimised complexes is similar to the crystal structure of cadmium-substituted alcohol dehydrogenase, indicating that the method beh

It has long been known that the three largest subunits in the membrane domain (NuoL, NuoM and NuoN) of complex I are homologous to each other, as well as to two subunits (MrpA and MrpD) from a Na+ /H+ antiporter, Mrp. MrpA and NuoL are more similar to each other and the same is true for MrpD and NuoN. This suggests a functional differentiation which was proven experimentally in a deletion strain m

The role of increased dispersion of repolarization in the genesis of torsade de pointes and ventricular fibrillation has been well recognized generally, but not in the genesis of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). Monophasic action potentials (MAP) were therefore recorded simultaneously from the right ventricular (RV) apex (RVA) and outflow tract (RVOT) during sinus rhythm, RV pacing and pr