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In 1993, Per Bak and Kim Sneppen proposed a model of co-evolution between species, where survival of a particular species affects the survival of its neighbouring species. In the discrete case of the model, each species, or an entry in a set with periodic boundary conditions, is an element x_i ∈ {0, 1}, in the set of size N, where x_i represents the fitness. An entry of the least fitness is chosen
The human brain has a built-in capacity to perform selective hearing, allowing us to focus on a single speaker in noisy environments while subconsciously filtering out background chatter and other noise. This ability is colloquially known as the cocktail party effect and is often impaired in individuals with reduced hearing or other neurological conditions. This results in an overall reduced quali
Due to the threat climate change poses, the aviation industry needs to adapt. In the process to convert the aviation fleet into a more environmentally friendly fleet, using biofuels such as Sustainable Aviation Fuels as a drop-in fuel remains a promising option. To include biofuels, safety aspects need to be investigated, where combustion instabilities are important. Thermo-acoustic instabilities
AIMS: To build a comprehensive biobank integrated in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF) comprising comprehensive clinomic data, proteomic, transcriptomic and genomic information in combination with clinical and diagnostic characteristics and additional ICD-code registry data.METHODS: Blood and urine samples will be biobanked at SwedeHF registration with an optional second sampling after
This statement examines the relation of the resting ECG to its technology. Its purpose is to foster understanding of how the modern ECG is derived and displayed and to establish standards that will improve the accuracy and usefulness of the ECG in practice. Derivation of representative waveforms and measurements based on global intervals are described. Special emphasis is placed on digital signal
The aim of the project was to examine interactions between motor vehicle drivers and cyclists at intersections and the impact of infrastructure design and motor vehicle characteristics on interactive behaviour. The project activities included literature reviews on cycling infrastructure at intersections, vehicle driver behaviour and cyclist behaviour; questionnaires among motor vehicle drivers andThe aim of the project was to examine interactions between motor vehicle drivers and cyclists at intersections and the impact of infrastructure design and motor vehicle characteristics on interactive behaviour. The project activities included literature reviews on cycling infrastructure at intersections, vehicle driver behaviour and cyclist behaviour; questionnaires among motor vehicle drivers and
In recent years, a subgroup of B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP ALL) without an established abnormality (“B‐other”) has been shown to be characterized by rearrangements of ABL1 , ABL2 , CSF1R , or PDGFRB (a.k.a. ABL‐class genes). Using FISH with probes for these genes, we screened 55 pediatric and 50 adult B‐other cases. Three (6%) of the adult but none of the childhood B‐other c
The micro-mechanisms of fracture in a laminate composed of an aluminium foil and a polyethene film are considered. The laminate as well as the freestanding layers were fracture mechanically tested. Inspection of the broken cross-sections shows that fracture occurs through necking, i.e., localised plastic deformation leading to a decreasing and eventually vanishing cross-section. This occurs ahead The micro-mechanisms of fracture in a laminate composed of an aluminium foil and a polyethene film are considered. Thelaminate as well as the freestanding layers were fracture mechanically tested. Inspection of the broken cross-sections shows thatfracture occurs through necking, i.e., localised plastic deformation leading to a decreasing and eventually vanishing cross-section.T
Permafrost warming has the potential to amplify global climate change, because when frozen sediments thaw it unlocks soil organic carbon. Yet to date, no globally consistent assessment of permafrost temperature change has been compiled. Here we use a global data set of permafrost temperature time series from the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost to evaluate temperature change across permafPermafrost warming has the potential to amplify global climate change, because when frozen sediments thaw it unlocks soil organic carbon. Yet to date, no globally consistent assessment of permafrost temperature change has been compiled. Here we use a global data set of permafrost temperature time series from the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost to evaluate temperature change across permaf
The density of roots is an important factor influencing the rate and magnitude of landslides. Due to the increased variability in climate, mainly rainfall, Eastern Uganda is severely struck by an increasing number of these mass movements, often with human casualties as one of the negative impacts. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility to estimate the depth and density of the root sys
Background: Right ventricular (RV) systolic function is an important determinant of outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Conventional echocardiographic measures of RV are mainly based on longitudinal contractility. Recently, measurement of RV global longitudinal strain derived from multiple windows (RVGLS) has emerged as an option but has not been well evaluated. The aim of the pr
This study compares the acoustic realisation of /iː yː ʉː uː/ inthree varieties of Swedish: Central Swedish, Estonian Swedish, and Finland Swedish. Vowel tokens were extracted from isolated words produced by six elderly female speakers from each variety. Trajectories of the first three formants were modelled with discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients, enabling the comparison of the formant This study compares the acoustic realisation of /i: y: ʉ: u:/ in three varieties of Swedish: Central Swedish, Estonian Swedish, and Finland Swedish. Vowel tokens were extracted from isolated words produced by six elderly female speakers from each variety. Trajectories of the first three formants were modelled with discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients, enabling the comparison of the formant
A way to reduce net CO2 emission and circumvent the high particle emissions from compression ignition (CI) engines, while retaining high efficiency, is by utilizing lighter alcohols in the partially premixed combustion (PPC) process. Methanol and ethanol have a very short carbon chain, and form less soot/particulate matter (PM) during combustion compared to diesel fuel. This study analyzes and com
Multilevel Monte Carlo is a novel method for reducing the computational costwhen computing conditional expectations of stochastic processes. This paper considersthe transition density for diffusion processes. It is known that the transitiondensity can be written as an expectation by utilizing the law of total probabilitycombined with the Markov property. This idea is combined with the multilevelMoMultilevel Monte Carlo is a novel method for reducing the computational cost when computing conditional expectations of stochastic processes. This paper considers the transition density for diffusion processes. It is known that the transition density can be written as an expectation by utilizing the law of total probability combined with the Markov property. This idea is combined with the multilev
This paper proposes a novel Doppler penalty kernel used in the computation of multitapers corresponding to the Wigner-Ville distribution. The resulting multitaper spectrogram will approximately fulfil the time-frequency concentration of the Wigner-Ville distribution but also suppress the cross-terms outside a signal dependent Doppler bandwidth, making the penalty kernel appropriate for linear freqThis paper proposes a novel Doppler penalty kernel used in the computation of multitapers corresponding to the Wigner-Ville distribution. The resulting multitaper spectrogram will approximately fulfil the time-frequency concentration of the Wigner-Ville distribution but also suppress the cross-terms outside a signal dependent Doppler bandwidth, making the penalty kernel appropriate for linear freq
This article surveys the reception of the Gnostic text Pistis Sophia in esoteric milieus in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. The first part of the article contains an overview of the text and scholarship on it. Then follows a study of the reception of Pistis Sophia in a broader array of esoteric circles. It becomes clear that the text was hailed as an example of ancient and great spThis article surveys the reception of the Gnostic text Pistis Sophia in esoteric milieus in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. The first part of the article contains an overview of the text and scholarship on it. Then follows a study of the reception of Pistis Sophia in a broader array of esoteric circles. It becomes clear that the text was hailed as an example of ancient and great sp
While air pollution data in Ethiopia is limited, existing studies indicate high levels of both ambient and household air pollution; rapid urbanization also threatens the preservation of urban green spaces. In this study, environmental injustice, or the disproportionate burden of environmental exposures on persons of lower socioeconomic status (SES), was explored among women in Ethiopia using a mot
Significance Our results demonstrate the existence of early cellular pathways and network alterations in oligodendrocytes in the alpha-synucleinopathies Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. They further reveal the involvement of an immune component triggered by alpha-synuclein protein, as well as a connection between (epi)genetic changes and immune reactivity in multiple system atrophy
