Filetype
People depend on the benefits derived from nature, so called ecosystem services (ES). ES are a promising framework to evaluate ecosystems and promote conservation, but they are also difficult to measure and visualize, and the accuracy of such efforts is questionable as a basis for land management. In this thesis, I both measured and problematized the measurement of ES. In the first part of this th
Denna uppsats undersöker Europeiska domstolen för de mänskliga rättigheternas (Europadomstolen) praxis gällande rättigheter för trans- och intersexpersoner, inkluderat rätten till icke-diskriminering, mot bakgrund av Sandra Fredmans fyrdimensionella teori om reell jämlikhet (substantive equality). Även om domstolen historiskt sett har strävat efter att främja och skydda transpersoners rättigheter,This thesis examines the European Court of Human Rights’ jurisprudence on trans and intersex rights, including the right to non-discrimination, in the light of Sandra Fredman’s four-dimensional theoretical framework on substantive equality. While the Court historically has made some strives in promoting and protecting the rights of trans people, considerations of non-discrimination and equality ha
Travel on railway in Sweden has increased steadily over the past three decades and there are today twice as many passengers travelling by train as there were 30 years ago. The increasing awareness of environmental issues with other methods of transportation is likely to favour railway travel, and so the number of passengers is expected to continue to rise. As the number of passengers increase, so
Alternativa tvistlösningsformer har på senare tid fått en allt större roll inom den svenska processrätten, vilket fått ett varierat bemötande. Det är vanligt förekommande att parter, trots att de inlett en domstolsprocess, når en förlikningsöverenskommelse som de begär att domstolen stadfäster. Stadfästelse av ett förlikningsavtal resulterar i dom. En stadfästelsedom erhåller, precis som andra tviAlternative forms of dispute resolution have gained increasing significance in Swedish procedural law, and it have drawn varied responses. It is common for parties, despite having initiated court proceedings, to reach a settlement agreement in which they ask the court to confirm by delivering judgement. Like other civil judgements, a confirmation judgement attains legal force. The res judicata eff
I den så kallade Snippadomen frikände Hovrätten för Västra Sverige den tilltalade från åtal om våldtäkt mot barn då målsägandens ordanvändning, bestående i ordet ”snippa”, inte ansågs ge stöd för att en penetration av målsägandens underliv ägt rum. Hovrätten hade inte diskuterat ordets betydelse med parterna under huvudförhandlingen, utan förlitade sig i slutändan på en ordboksdefinition för att uIn the so-called Snippa verdict, the Court of Appeal for Western Sweden acquitted the defendant of the charge of child rape, due to the judges’ uncertainty of the victim’s use of the word “snippa”. The Court of Appeal had not discussed the meaning of the word with the parties during the trial and ultimately relied on a dictionary definition to determine the meaning of the word, which did not suppo
The thesis was conducted due to new laws from the energy agency. The task of this master thesis was to develop a methodology for energy audits, find energy efficiency measures, and then use the methodology to create a detailed mapping of the formalin-, formic acid- and y-polyol plants. The master thesis also resulted in a comprehensive description of the company’s total energy use. To be able to f
Den här uppsatsen syftar till att utreda gällande rätt avseende meddelarskyddet i skolverksamhet, såväl offentlig som privat, med särskilt fokus på privat anställda vid fristående skolor. Vidare undersöks hur meddelarskyddet och den rättsliga regleringen på området skiljer sig åt för skolanställda beroende på om huvudmannen för skolan är offentlig eller enskild, samt vad en förändring av meddelarsThe aim of this essay is to examine the applicable law regarding the informant protection in school activities, both public and private, with a particular focus on private sector employees at independent schools. This essay further focus on how legal regulations of informant protection are different for school workers depending on whether the principal of the school is public or private, and what
Uppsatsens fokus ligger på att undersöka effekterna av det 21 december 2012 ikraftträdda förbudet mot könsdifferentierade försäkringspremier och –ersättningar. Förbudet har sin bakgrund i ett mål i EU-domstolen, där domstolen kom att ogiltigförklara en undantagsregel som gav medlemsstaterna möjlighet att på obestämd tid tillåta användandet av kön som faktor vid försäkringsföretagens beräknande av The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate and analyze the impact of the prohibition against the use of sex as a factor in the calculation of premiums and benefits for the purpose of insurance services that entered into force 21 December 2012. The prohibition is a result of a judgment by the European Court of Justice declaring that the exception in Directive 2004/113/EC, giving member states t
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Vi lever idag i ett informationssamhälle och delar av denna information är geografisk. Denna geografiska information kan användas för att skapa kartor efter egna önskemål och för specifika användningsområden. Genom att ansluta till en webbsida som tillhandahåller visningstjänster av kartor kan en användare välja vilken information som ska vara med i en karta och We live in an information intensive society and geographic data are part of this information. These geographic data are used by private persons to plan holiday trips or to find the way to business meetings. Companies utilize geographic data in fields such as forestry, construction work, and tourism. Local municipalities require geographic data for planning purposes, and in the academic world much
A Linear e+e- collider, either ILC or CLIC will be the next platform for high energy physics study to complement the LHC. Results discovered by LHC may need precision measurements before we can get full understanding of the physics. International collaborations are in the process to prepare both for the accelerator and for the experimental setup. Time projection chambers as the main central track
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to develop two simulation models of Arrivas train network in Denmark to facilitate the process of timetabling. One of the models assumes deterministic times in the other model these times are stochastic. The purpose of the deterministic model is to evaluate if timetables are free from conflicts, a process that currently involves a lot of manual labor. The mai
Gross primary production (GPP) is the primary source of all carbon fluxes in the ecosystem. Understanding, variation in this flux is vital to understanding variation in the carbon sink of forest ecosystems, and this would serve as input to forest production models. Using GPP derived from eddy-covariance (EC) Measurements, it is now possible to determine the most important factor to scale GPP acros
Objective To identify predictors of response to methotrexate (MTX) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods In the SWEFOT trial, patients with RA with symptom duration <1 year started MTX monotherapy (20 mg/weekly) and 405/487 continued until the 3-4-month visit. The primary outcome measure was the DAS28-based European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. Multivariate logistic r
Rättstillämpare ställs ofta inför juridiska frågor, problem och bedömningar och behöver lösa dessa även när det inte finns uttryckliga och specificerade lagbestämmelser att tillgå. Rättstillämpare förlitar sig på rättsprinciper för att tolka vaga och otydliga lagbestämmelser. Till skillnad från rättsregler är inte ursprunget till rättsprinciper uppenbar. De är ofta inte befästa genom lag och medfö
Photosynthetic organisms harvest and convert light energy into chemical energy and utilize it in their metabolism. The light is captured through pigments called chlorophylls and carotenoids, present in the thylakoid membranes inside the chloroplast. In addition to acting as auxiliary light harvesters, the carotenoids also act as antioxidants by 1) preventing the formation of reactive oxygen specie
Hedersbegreppet finns på något sätt inom alla kulturer. Mot slutet av 1990-talet uppmärksammades hedersproblematiken runt om i västvärlden. I början av 2000-talet slog Sverige av hedersproblematiken, när tre flickor mördades. Alla tre flickor hade träffat svenska killar som de börjat umgås med, något som familjen och släkten ansåg hade skämt ut familjen och som resulterade i att de mördades. UppsaThe concept of honor exists in some way within all cultures. Towards the end of the 1990s, the issue of honor was recognized throughout the western world. In the early 2000s, Sweden was confronted with the subject, when three girls were murdered. All three girls had met Swedish guys whom they had started to socialize with, something that the family considered to have brought the family shame and w
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to determine whether deficiency of the major serine protease inhibitors (alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) or alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT)) is associated with increased risk for chronic hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV) infection. METHODS: We studied 709 adults with chronic liver disease who had undergone liver biopsy during the 14-year period 1978-92. Anti-HCV testing
Objectives To compare two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal ultrasound with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the gold standard in assessment of parametrial infiltration of cervical cancer and to determine if all parts of the cervix are equally assessable with ultrasound. Methods Patients with macroscopically evident and histologically confirmed cervical cancer were staged
Background and Objective: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting more than 3 million people in Europe. This paper reviews the published evidence regarding the cost effectiveness of second-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Methods: A systematic literature search was performed, using the databases Academic Search Complete, Econlit, EMBASE and MEDLINE. Health econom
Background: Three different classification systems for the evaluation of Barrett's esophagus (BE) using magnification endoscopy (ME) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) have been proposed. Until now, no comparative and external evaluation of these systems in a clinical-like situation has been performed. Objective: To compare and validate these 3 classification systems. Design: Prospective validation stu
