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Ne bis in idem innebär att en person inte får lagföras eller straffas för samma brott mer än en gång och kallas också dubbelbestraffningsförbudet. Principen finns i Europakonventionen genom artikel 4 i dess sjunde tilläggsprotokoll samt även i artikel 50 i EU:s rättighetsstadga. Sverige har två olika skilda sanktionssystem för när en skattskyldig lämnar en oriktig uppgift som skall ligga till grNe bis in idem is a principle that means a person cannot be tried or punished for the same criminal offence more than once. The principle of ne bis in idem is a prohibition against double punishment under article 4 of the protocol 7 of The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and also in article 50 of the EU charter. Sweden has two separate procedures for when a taxpayer submits incorrect i

Abstract Mean dive duration and probability of observing Minke whale surface feeding were estimated throughout three consecutive feeding seasons in Faxafloy bay, Iceland. Observations were done using manual theodolite and binoculars each season from June to August. Surfacings of the whale as well as behavioural notes were fixed into Pythagoras program. Mean dive duration was significantly longer i

Popular science summary The classification of the European Crow Species status is a highly discussed topic as species classification can be challenging. Several species concepts have been formulated to standardize classifications. These species concept help with taxonomy, however many species remain problematic to classify, especially if interbreeding occurs. The hooded crow (Corvus corone cor

High blood pressure (BP) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Both genetic and environmental factors are implicated in BP homeostatsis and hypertension development. The aims of the present theisis were: (a) to test if ambulatory BP (ABP) is better than office BP (OBP) to capture the heritable part of BP and if BP variability (BPV) measured by ABP monitoring is a heritable tra

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den offentliga sektorn har vuxit drastiskt under det senaste århundradet och utgör idag en stor del av ekonomin i många västländer. Givet storleken på den offentliga sektorn och dess potentiella inflytande över såväl enskilda individer som samhälle är studier som dokumenterar effekterna av den offentliga sektorn värdefulla. Denna avhandling "Den Offentliga Sektorns BegrThe size of government has increased dramatically over the last century. Given the magnitude of government involvement in the economy and the potential influence it has on individuals as well as the economy, studies documenting the effects of government size may offer particularly timely insights. This thesis addresses some of these issues. Chapter two and three deal with welfare reform. Welfare

AbstractThis thesis investigates the use of digital resources in education with a 1-1 computer to student ratio. Studies were performed with a sociocultural perspective and in the light of the theory of affordances. The two studies differ methodologically but the shared topic is teachers’ usage of digital resources. Previous studies have shown that using digital resources to promote collaboration,

Purpose: A degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle-aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscop

Purpose A degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle-aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscopi

Ensuring highly motivated employees is crucial for organizations to stay competitive. In Self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000; Gagné & Deci, 2005) employee motivation plays a crucial role for this, as employees usually perform well and experience well-being when they feel autonomously motivated, while they function less optimally when they feel controlled. Autonomous motivatio

Purpose: A degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle-aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscop

Water security offers to the local population an adequate quality and quantity of water for health, economy, livelihoods and ecosystems. Hence, achieving basic levels of water security should be a priority in areas where access to fresh water is scarce. The Punata alluvial fan (Bolivia) is a semiarid zone and an important agricultural zone, where the main source of water is groundwater. Therefore,

We present an aerosol - cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) closure study on summer high Arctic aerosol based on measurements that were carried out in 2008 during the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) on board the Swedish ice breaker Oden. The data presented here were collected during a three-week time period in the pack ice (> 85 degrees N) when the icebreaker Oden was moored to an ice floe and

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund: Diabetes är en sjukdom som karakteriseras av kroniskt förhöjt blodsocker och som obehandlad kan leda till svåra komplikationer i blodkärl, ögon, njurar, nerver m.m. Sjukdomen beror på kroppens oförmåga att producera (typ 1 diabetes) eller svara på effekt av (typ 2 diabetes) hormonet insulin. Det finns ca 150 miljoner personer med diabetes i världen idag, och sType 2 diabetes is characterised by defects in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and increased endogenous glucose production. The relative contribution of each of these defects remains controversial. In order to characterise the metabolic defects in various stages of glucose tolerance, the insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion was measured in a large population based study in Finland and

There are more than eighty international agreements and many additional programmes dealing with technology transfer. Moreover, several international conventions require that aid programs, both to address acute emergencies and to assist in the longer-term building of viable infrastructures, be undertaken in specific and concrete ways. However, problems inevitably arise when good intentions are put

Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna avhandling har morfologin och kristallstrukturen av epitaxiellt växta nanotrådstrukturer undersökts med hjälp av svepelektronmikroskopi (SEM), transmissionselektronmikroskopi (TEM) och multi-slice (MS) simuleringar. Bland annat har vi funnit att de lamellära tvillingar som ofta observeras i III-V nanotrådar växta i <111>B riktningarna tenderar att begränsas av eIn this work, the morphology and crystal structure of epitaxial semiconductor nanowire structures grown by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) are studied by electron microscopy methods. In particular, the three-dimensional structure of nanowires and nanotrees has been characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and multi-sli

Popular Abstract in Swedish Många människor förespråkar en egalitär norm. I detta ingår att man ska bemöta människor på lika villkor och inte låta sig påverkas av irrelevanta faktorer som människors etniska ursprung, sexuella läggning eller norska brytning. Forskning visar dock att vi människor tenderar att tänka i termer av kategorier, och detta gäller även hur vi uppfattar andra människor. Vi ärThis thesis explores in-group bias control. It is well-known that people tend to have extra liking for people they identify themselves with. An extra positive in-group attitude may cause discrimination, even in the absence of any negative attitudes towards the out-group. At the same time are many people motivated to behave and present themselves as unbiased. We study whether people attempt to cont

Popular Abstract in Swedish Att ha en allvarlig hjärtsjukdom är oftast förknippat med oro och rädsla. När det bestäms att patienten ska genomgå en planerad hjärtoperation, kan det vara avgörande för patientens och de närståendes välbefinnande hur de bemöts av all hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal, som de kommer i kontakt med under väntetiden samt vilket stöd de då upplever. Att korrekt och saklig inforPatients waiting for cardiac surgery often consider the period from the decision for surgery to the time for the operation as long, heavy and dreary. Therefore, it is important that patients are supplied with structured oral and written information regarding their disease and its treatment, so that they are able to understand and discuss the forthcoming operation, the risk of complications and the

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling är resultatet av ett doktorandprojekt vid Kvartärgeologiska avdelningen, Lunds Universitet. Syftet med undersökningen var att rekonstruera vegetations- och klimatförändringar under de senaste 10 000 åren i Torneträskområdet i norra Sverige. Resultatet bygger på analyser av pollen och växtmakrofossil från 6 sjöar belägna på olika höjd över havet (370-999The aim of this study was to reconstruct the Holocene vegetation history and the climate changes in a subarctic area. The results are based on pollen and macrofossil records from six lakes in the Torneträsk area. The lakes are situated at altitudes between 370 and 999 m a.s.l., along a transect from the boreal pine-birch forest to the alpine tundra with heath vegetation. The chronology in each lak

Ethical issues in modern obstetrics commonly relate to a conflict between the rights and possibilities of the fetus versus those of the mother. After delivery, when the fetus by definition is a child, all legal rights are granted to this new individual. Whether any rights should be given or offered to the fetus is dependent on the prevailing situation. General rules are difficult to give due to th

Background: Despite recent evidence supporting the adoption of opioid-free anaesthetic and analgesic alternatives in the perioperative context, opioid-based regimens remain standard of care. There is limited knowledge about the patients’ perioperative experiences of bariatric surgery, with no study yet investigating their experiences within an opioid-free care pathway. Objective: We aimed to descr