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According to the EU Water Framework Directive, all Member States are obliged to survey and analyze their water according to river basins. The directive was implemented into Swe-dish law in 2004. At the same time, Sweden's five water authorities were formed to coordi-nate the water management at regional and municipal levels. Furthermore, the municipalities in Sweden are imposed to develop muni
En grundläggande målsättning i svensk rätt är att barnets bästa ska sättas i främsta rummet och det ska alltid ske utifrån barnets individuella förhållan-den. Umgänge bedöms som utgångspunkt vara bra för barnet. Barn har rätt och behov av att träffa båda sina föräldrar och umgänge ska ske under trygga former. Genom att analysera och kombinera det som anses vara bra för barnet, barnets vilja, barneA basic aim in swedish law is the ”best for the child” always should be giv-en first priority from an individual child perspective. Parental visitation rights are assessed according to what is best for the child. Children have right and also need to see both their parents under safe and secure forms. Through an analysis of what is reasonably good for the child, the child’s own will and need, the b
The ice cover presence on the surface of a lake insulates the water body from the atmosphere. This prevents or reduces the influence of processes which depend on the exchange between the atmosphere and the water surface. This implies significant reduction or elimination of some processes taking place at the open water surface; for instance, a substantial reduction in solar energy penetrating to th
Purpose: The study seeks to shed light on the generative principles of enterprising by examining the practices of enterprisers in six lifestyle enterprises in Sweden. It presents a fresh approach to the study of lifestyle enterprises, resolving a nuanced treatment of the concepts of capital and habitus as often drawn upon in studies using the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu. Design/methodology/ap
Background. In the European Study for Pediatric Ph+ ALL (EsPhALL), a total of 128 patients aged 1 to 18 years diagnosed with ALL and evidence of t(9;22)(q34;q11) received post-Induction Imatinib on top of BFM high risk chemotherapy backbone, either in Good Risk (GR) (after randomization, n=58) or in Poor Risk (PR) (n=70), as defined according to early response to the National induction treatment.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides produced by essentially all mammalian cells. Due to their enormous structural diversity, they are involved in many biological processes both in health and disease, including all stages of tumor progression. GAGs are normally attached to a core protein as a part of a proteoglycan; however, GAG biosynthesis can be induced by compounds composed of a xylos
Lime-hemp concrete (LHC) is a building material consisting of a lime-based binder combined with hemp shiv that is suitable for various building applications. This thesis aimed to elucidate the possibilities for using LHC for exterior walls in a cold, wet climate through investigating mechanical, thermal and moisture-related properties of the material. The mechan
This thesis investigates two areas of the philosophy of mind where empirical data play a role in philosophical argument. The first area, investigated in three papers, is the higher-order thought theory of consciousness, and specifically the possibility of higher-order thoughts misrepresenting what state an individual is actually in. The second area, investigated in two papers, is free will. The in
Importance: Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) may progress to clinical Alzheimer disease (AD), remain stable, or revert to normal. Earlier progression to AD among patients who were β-amyloid positive vs those who were β-amyloid negative has been previously observed. Current research now accepts that a combination of biomarkers could provide greater refinement in the assessmen
Metal contamination of water bodies has attracted global attention owing to its environmental toxicity, abundance and persistence. Metals such as arsenic, cadmium and mercury are of greater concern since they are toxic even at low concentrations. Mercury is present at 1000 times lower concentrations than the other two metals, but still has a negative impact on the environment due to its high trans
The cholesterol-lowering effect of oats is well established, but the crucial properties eliciting this effect need to be further investigated to optimize the use of oats as functional foods. Furthermore, there are almost no reports investigating the effect of oats on atherosclerosis development. This thesis describes our work with finding suitable mouse models to study cholesterol-lowering and ant
Popular Abstract in Swedish I Sverige och Norden har elproduktion traditionellt skett med huvudsakligen vattenkraft och kärnkraft. Detta håller dock på att förändras i takt med en allt större vindkraftsutbyggnad. Vindkraften skiljer sig i vissa avseenden från de traditionella produktionsslagen, ett av dessa är hur anslutningen till elnätet är utformad. Detta innebär att vindkraften, sedd från näteTraditionally the predominant generation has been large synchronous generators providing the system inertia. Nowadays when wind power and other non-synchronously connected units displaces this synchronous generation, the system inertia is reduced. Hence higher rate of change of frequency and larger frequency deviations are expected. This thesis deals with the impact on rate of change of frequency
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kol-kolinteraktioner utgör starka kemiska bindningar. Detta innebär att de är relativt svåra att både bryta och bilda. Föreliggande avhandling sammanfattar mekanistiska studier av två reaktioner, Stillereaktionen och Heckreaktionen, med hjälp av vilka kol-kolbindningar kan bildas. Ett vanligt förekommande sammanfattningsnamn för denna typ av reaktioner är korskopplingsrThe present thesis deals with various types of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes and their use in homogeneous catalysis. The focus has been devoted to mechanistic investigations concerning the Stille and Heck reactions and studies under both catalytic and stoichiometric conditions were conducted. As a stoichiometric probe for studying the transmetallation step in the Stille reaction the pl
The microflora of Herrgård cheese produced at three dairies was compared after three and six months maturation. The microflora of cheeses from two of the dairies was dominated by a spontaneous microflora of Lactobacillus after three months of ripening, while starter bacteria still dominated in cheese from the third dairy after six months. Isolates were typed by the PCR-based method Randomly
To accept the nomination to become the supervisor of a PhD candidate is not only to step into a specific, challenging and potentially rewarding relationship, but also to enter a new zone of uncertainty: what kind of contribution to this relationship is expected from me? In what ways is this new professional task framed and supported by the institutional context to which I belong? What do I gain fr
Popular Abstract in Swedish Äldre personer som erhåller permanent hjälp i sitt dagliga liv har ökat i takt med att livslängden ökat. Många äldre personer kommer troligen framöver att erhålla hjälp i sitt ordinära boende, eftersom den kommunala vården och omsorgen framför allt inom särskilt boende har minskat i omfattning i förhållande till antalet äldre över 65 år. Svensk policy strävar mot att alThe aim of this thesis was to investigate self-reported diseases and complaints, quality of life (QoL), help received with activities of daily living among older people and in relation to who provided the help, and in comparison with those without ADL help. The aim was also to investigate older people’s experiences of receiving help. Data were collected using postal questionnaires in two populatio
Popular Abstract in Swedish Förekomsten av typ 1 (insulinberoende) diabetes före 15 års ålder har ökat under de senaste åren (Fig. 1) och barnen är allt yngre vid insjuknandet. Sjukdomen anses vara autoimmun, vilket innebär att kroppens eget immunförsvar angriper de insulinproducerande ?-cellerna i bukspottkörteln. En ärftlig benägenhet, som fr.a. är kopplad till s.k. vävnadsantigen på cellerna, mThe intention of this thesis was to investigate autoimmune markers for type 1 diabetes, together with signs of enterovirus infections during the pre- and perinatal period of life, and their possible association with the development of diabetes during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. We found that: 1. Newborns with ABO immunization, linked in epidemiological studies with heightened diab
Popular Abstract in Swedish I rektorers uppdrag ingår ansvar för den pedagogiska verksamheten förändras och utvecklas. Den fråga som ställs i avhandlingen gäller om det finns en gemensam norm för hur rektorer tänker och handlar när det gäller den utvecklingsinriktade delen av ledaruppdraget. Om så är fallet hur ser den ut och kan den utvecklas? Bakgrund Stora förändringar på ett internationellt This thesis puts a focus on school leadership and school development. The local authorities took over responsibility for public education in 1991. At the same time, steerage by rules was abandoned in favour of steerage by goal-setting and result evaluation. The principal is an important link in this chain of steerage. The question posed by the thesis concerns whether there are common norms for th
Purpose: To determine progression factors at the end of the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) based on all EMGT patients and evaluate separately patients with higher and lower baseline intraocular pressure (IOP; median split). Design: Cohort of clinical trial participants. Participants: Patients with early open-angle glaucoma randomized to argon laser trabeculoplasty plus betaxolol (n = 129) or
The processes responsible for methane (CH4) emissions from boreal wetlands are complex; hence, their model representation is complicated by a large number of parameters and parameter uncertainties. The arctic-enabled dynamic global vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator) is one such model that allows quantification and understanding of the natural wetland CH4 flu
