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Sedan slutet av 1980-talet då Lagen om målsägandebiträde (1988:609) introducerades har svenska sexualbrottsoffer haft rätt till ett särskilt juridiskt biträde i form av det statligt finansierade målsägandebiträdet. Den bakomliggande idén till lagens införande var att kvinnor som utsatts för sexuella övergrepp är i behov av extra stöd och hjälp genom det straffrättsliga förfarandet, särskilt under

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Kolcykeln är enkelt uttryckt den globala balansräkningen av kolets (C) förflyttning genom olika sfärer såsom mellan atmosfären och biosfären, således är kolcykeln av stor betydelse för mänsklighetens existens. Exempelvis har atmosfäriska koncentrationer av koldioxid (CO2) och metan (CH4) ökat de senaste 200 hundra åren på grund av mänskliga aktiviteter (till stoCarbon is central to our existence. It plays a fundamental role in the carbon cycle. Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) have been increasing for about two centuries as a result of human activities. The need to understand how carbon cycles through the Earth-system is important for a variety of reasons, but mainly in order to assess the effects of these rising green

Den 1 oktober 2009 trädde en de nya Takeover-reglerna i kraft. Den största nyheten i de nya reglerna var den kraftigt minskade möjligheten att erbjuda röststarka aktier ett högre pris än röstsvaga aktier i ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande. Detta är en skärpning av den aktiemarknadsrättsliga likhetsprincipen och avsikten var att tillförsäkra minoritetsägare en större del av uppköpspremien. UppsatseThe 1 October 2009 new Takeover Rules entered into force. The most material change of the new rules was that they decreased the possibility to offer multiple voting shares a higher price than ordinary shares. This is a strengthening of the legal principle of equality as applied at the Nasdaq OMX Stockholm stock market. The intention was to ensure that minority shareholders got a greater share of t

In northern Uganda, a war between the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) and governmnet troops has raged for more than twenty years. In this conflict, the civilian population has been made a target and subjected to mass scale torture, mutilation and murder. Almost two million people have been forced to flee their homes to reside in government protected camps for Internally Displaced Persons. In these ca

Sweden has a very favourable legislation regarding paid parental leave. However, in the labour market this is not always something positive. Absence from the workplace, and especially a long one, may disturb the employer's organisation and there is a risk that employers compensate for this by, in the worst case, avoiding to employ workers of a fertile age. Further, back at the workplace after

Most fractures heal uneventfully but some evolve into nonunions. Autologous bone graft is the gold standard for stimulating healing. However, donor site morbidity, and limited graft supply make alternatives interesting. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, BMPs, are growth factors involved in bone signaling. They are available in recombinant form for local application in nonunions and stimulate differenti

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital heart malformation diagnosed in adult life. In this thesis important clinical, haemodynamic and electrophysiological aspects of ASD in the adult are explored. The diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance velocity mapping (MRvm)in calculating the pulmonary/systemic flow ratio (QP/QS)was assessed (I). The mean and maximal error by MRvm was 1

The aim of this thesis was to expand the knowledge regarding the use and need of assistive devices, in particular mobility devices, and to investigate how, from a European perspective, the use of them changed during the ageing process. An additional aim was to explore the use of mobility devices in everyday life among very old Swedish women during a five-year period. Further, the aim was to contri

A train accident at high speeds can result in serious consequences, and in worst case the loss of human life. Hence, there are stringent requirements related to traffic safety on the railway system. These requirements are valid for both the infrastructure and the rolling stock. The overall purpose of this work is to increase the understanding of the management of safety critical faults within the

Mottagandet av asylsökande ensamkommande barn har blivit en obligatorisk uppgift för kommunerna. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur den nya bestämmelsen påverkar barnets rättsliga ställning. Ensamkommande barn definieras som barn under 18 år som vid ankomsten till Sverige är skilda från båda sina föräldrar eller från någon annan vuxen person som får anses ha trätt i föräldrarnas ställe, ellThe reception of asylum-seeking unaccompanied minors has become a mandatory task for the Swedish municipalities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how this change in legislation affects the child's legal status. Unaccompanied minors are defined as children under 18 who, upon arrival in Sweden, are separated from both their parents or from another adult who may be considered to have e

Värdering av obebyggd tomtmark för småhus kan ibland vara svårt då det saknas ett bra ortsprismaterial. Ännu svårare är att värdera tomtmark för småhus som är bebyggda med byggnader på ofri grund. Tomtmark med byggnader på ofri grund upplåtna med nyttjanderätter anses ha ett lägre värde än tomtmark som är obebyggd eller tomtmark som är bebyggd av fastighetens ägare. Det beror på att nyttjanderätteThe objective of this work is to examine the impact on value that a house on leasehold has on the underlying land in a partition ordinance. In order to build a foundation and create an understanding about houses on leasehold, partitiontools and different methods of valuation I undertook literature studies. The literature consisted of, among other things, preparatory work for FBL and the Court of A

The emergency department is a stressful environment, in which physicians are required to make fast and accurate diagnostic assessments amidst an ever increasing flood of clinical information, including a growing body of medical knowledge. Meanwhile, the digitization of medical health records in combination with recent breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence is ushering in a new era of precision m

Background: When cannulation is challenging during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and the standard guidewire technique with sphincterotomy is unsuccessful, alternative cannulation techniques can be used to access the biliary tree. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of adverse events and cannulation success rates between transpancreatic sphincterotomy (TP

Objective: To investigate whether tandem gait test (TG) can predict future falls and/or near falls in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Background: People with PD have balance problems and an increased risk for falls. Although TG has been considered a predictor of falls, no PD-study has controlled results for demographic and disease-specific characteristics or included near falls when investig

Packaging is one of the logistics areas where there often is potential and even a demand for improvements. An increase in environmental awareness among the population in the European Union (EU) has generated a demand for changes in packaging, which has led to stricter rules and regulations. Knowledge about what regulations are present and what may be expected in the future is crucial in the formin

Ovako Ajax me, in York, South Carolina, USA manufactures seamless steel rings. The rings are made from blocks, which are heated, pressed, punched and then rolled to desired size and shape. Due to tougher competition on the seamless steel ring market, it is necessary to know the total production time for an order of specific rings, in order to be able to price the rings correctly and plan the prod

BACKGROUND: Achieving weight loss is the cornerstone of the treatment of the metabolic consequences of obesity, in particular of glucose intolerance.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether improvement in glucose control depends on dietary macronutrient composition of the diet at identical weight loss.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two weeks old diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice lost weight through caloric re

Importance: Multiple myeloma is consistently preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Risk models that estimate the risk of progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma use data from a single time point, usually the initial workup. Objective: To longitudinally investigate the alterations of serum immune markers with stable vs progressive MGUS. Design, Setting, and Partic

STUDY QUESTION: Does chemotherapy exposure (with or without alkylating agents) or primary diagnosis affect spermatogonial quantity in human prepubertal testicular tissue? SUMMARY ANSWER: Spermatogonial quantity is significantly reduced in testes of prepubertal boys treated with alkylating agent therapies or with hydroxyurea for sickle cell disease. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Cryopreservation of sperma

Typhoid fever continues to be a health challenge in low-and middle-income countries where access to clean water and sanitation infrastructure is scarce. The non-confirmatory diagnostic method continues to hinder effective diagnosis and treatment, ensuring in a high antimicrobial resistance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and antimicrobial susceptib