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Freezing injuries usually take place in thawed plant-based food products. To reduce freezing injuries, Pulse Electric Field (PEF) treatment and Vacuum Impregnation (VI) of cryoprotectant were used before the freezing process. The aim of PEF is to provoke electroporation to the membranes of the plant cells, thereby allowing the cryoprotective solution impregnated by VI to penetrate the cells. PEF

Production of Red Blood Cells from Skin Cells Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are most important when it comes to delivering oxygen to different tissues and organs. This is why their production has to be continuously maintained. It is estimated that in humans over two million RBCs are produced every second to replenish the pool. On average their life span is around 120 days before they die and get replace

I takt med att coronapandemin blev mer påtaglig tvingades vårt samhälle till drastiska förändringar. När vi blev uppmanade att isolera oss ställde vi större krav på bostaden. Den skulle vara mer än bara ett ställe att bo på. Aktiviteter som vi tidigare utförde på andra platser, såsom arbete och träning, flyttade in i bostaden, och därmed blev hemmet en plats där vi spenderade både arbete och fritiAs the corona pandemic became increasingly manifest, our society was forced to make drastic changes. When we were told to quarantine, our place of residence had to provide for all the needs that could no longer be taken care of elsewhere, such as our work and workout routines. We looked to our home to fulfill these needs and thus our home became a place for both work and leisure. Our vision of wha

Den digitala utvecklingen under 2010-talet har medfört en möjlighet för personer att dela varor och tjänster bortom den närmaste bekantskapskretsen. ”Delningsekonomi” är hur denna nya företeelse har kommit att benämnas. En rad plattformsföretag, varav Uber är en av de främsta, har introducerat nya affärsmodeller där tjänster erbjuds via digitala plattformar och utförs av privatpersoner. Frågan om Digital development during the 2010s has enabled private individuals to share goods and services beyond their immediate acquaintances. This new economic model has been dubbed as “the sharing economy”. Several platform businesses, of which Uber is leading, have introduced new business models where services are offered via digital platforms but performed by private individuals. The question of how t

Staters rätt till självförsvar är ett undantag till det generella våldsförbudet och utgör ett såväl centralt som flitigt omskrivet område inom folkrätten. Regleringen för rätten kan påstås vara relativt enkel att återge så som den uttrycks i art. 51 av FN-stadgan och i ljuset av den internationella sedvanerätten. Rätten till självförsvar är däremot desto svårare att tillämpa i praktiken och en staThe right of states to self-defense is an exception to the general prohibition of the use of force and constitutes a central as well as a frequently debated subject in international law. The regulation of the right can be said to be relatively simple to pronounce as expressed in Art. 51 of the UN Charter and in the light of international customary law. The right of states to self-defense is howeve

När trapetskorrugerad plåt installeras som tak, skruvas den fast på överflänsen på den fackverksbalk som utgör takets bärverk. Takplåten har hög styvhet i planet, men dess styvhet minskar när deformation uppstår i taket, på grund av andra ordningens effekter. För att avgöra hur stor påverkan som detta har på en strukturs stabilitet, modelleras en byggnad i ett kraftfullt datorprogram där linjära oCorrugated galvanized iron (CGI), or corrugated sheet metal, is a lightweight roofing material that was invented in the early 1800s. The corrugation gives the steel an increased flexural strength in its installed direction and thus increases the amount of load the CGI-plate is able to carry and the span it can be effective at. Thanks to its light weight, corrugated sheet is one of the most commonl

År 2020 anger 212 av 286 kommuner i Sverige att de har ett underskott på bostäder i kommunen som helhet. Sveriges befolkning ökar och bostadsbeståndet hänger inte med. I studien syftar bostadsbristen till definitionen som är skillnaden mellan vad som kollektivt uppfattas som en godtagbar bostadssituation och det faktiska läget på marknaden. Situationer som inte kollektivt anses vara godtagbara bosThe housing responsibility in Sweden is primarily controlled by the municipalities. The municipalities in Sweden have a monopoly on controlling land use with detailed development plans. The population rises every day and the majority of the Swedish municipalities confirms having lack of housing. This study has been made in order to investigate how five municipalities work with their housing respon

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major global health concern. Several studies indicate that most respiratory bacterial pathogens are capable of asymptomatic colonization and find their primary ecological niche within the nasopharynx of healthy individuals as harmless commensals that form biofilms. However, in response to external factors, such as concomitant virus infections, colonizing b

Background: Routine oxygen therapy has for a long time been used as part of the standard treatment for myocardial infarction (MI), despite a lack of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to support the use. A recent Cochrane review on oxygen treatment for normoxic MI patients found no evidence supporting the use, rather the trend pointed towards possible harm for oxygen. The SOCCER-study (Supplementa

The energy issue has in recent years become a hot topic around the world. Discussions about how to reduce the greenhouse gases in a sustainable manner have been raised. Given that this is an emerging problem, and that many people lack knowledge regarding this subject, it is about time that they get the information needed to be able to contribute in some way. In general, the building sector represe

This thesis examines if international law and its protection mechanisms satisfactorily address the protection needs of internally displaced persons (IDPs). At the end of 2011, around 25 million people around the world were internally displaced by armed conflict, generalized violence and human rights violations. In contrast, the number of refugees was approximately 16 million. In spite of the fact

Currently sedimentation is one of the major issues to deal with, for professionals, as it causes continuous loss of storage and hinder the intended purposes of a dam. More research and case-specific studies are required to understand the behavior of sediment transport mechanism in order to propose remedial measures. Sakuma dam on Tenryu River in Japan is one of the largest dams in Japan and it is

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections are still prevalent in humans, more prominent in immunocompromised individuals. These environmental mycobacteria are widely distributed in soil and water sources, making their exposure very common. In various organisms, phase variation enables reversible switches between avirulent and virulent states. Some strains of M. avium exhibit this visible phase

Det är möjligt att tillverka plast från socker med hjälp av bakterier, och även om detta bara görs på en relativt liten skala idag så kommer tillverkningen av biobaserad plast troligtvis öka väsentligt de kommande decennierna. Denna typen av plast tillverkas på förnybara råvaror, och är därför ett bra alternativ till plast som är baserad på fossila råvaror, som petroleum. För att öka hållbarheten Membrane filtration was used to concentrate proteins and decrease the salt concentration in a hydrolyzed fermentation broth. The broth was a by-product from the bacterial production and extraction of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), that can be used to produce biobased plastics. 3 ultrafiltration-membranes, RC70PP, GR70PP and ETNA10PP from Alfa Laval Corporate AB, were evaluated at varying cross-flow

Tillgång och Effektfrågan – Biogasens Roll i det Gröna Norrbotten Allt fler nyfikna ögon riktas mot Norrland i takt med att den nordligaste landsänden ångar på framåt i utvecklingen mot fossilfria industrier; kommande år planeras miljardinvesteringar i fossilfria tekniker i region Norrbotten, en satsning som kallas den gröna omställningen. Men för att kunna förse etableringarna och samhället medGreat investments are planned in the north of Sweden the coming years, not the least in the county of Norrbotten where the projects collectively are referred to as the green transition due to the focus on fossil-free techniques. But to be able to secure a sustainable energy supply and reach the goal set by the member states of the European Union of a carbon dioxide neutral union in 2050 the produc

This study investigates the relationship between the two different payout policies, dividends and share repurchases, and firm value in the Swedish market. We aim to clarify how the lack of difference in taxation of dividends and capital gains in Sweden affects investors’ preferences for different payout policies and whether a certain payout policy incentivizes investor to pay extra for a firm that

Människan lever i samspel med en kolossal mängd bakterier. De finns på vår hud, i våra munnar och i våra tarmar. Detta samspel är en viktig del i vårat liv eftersom de bakterier som finns i våra tarmar har en viktig roll i nedbrytning av den näring vi får i oss. Dessa bakterier kan bryta ner olika typer av långa sockerkedjor som finns i växter som vi själva inte kan och låter oss därmed använda meThe human gut contains a vast number of bacteria. These bacteria allow us to digest the complex glycans that are part of our diet but we ourselves cannot digest. Among these bacteria one of the genera that is a major constituent is Bacteroidetes. One of the distinguishing features of this genus is its polysaccharide utilizing loci (PULs), clusters of genes for degradation of specific glycans and e

Probiotics are living microorganisms which could induce a potential health benefit to the host when consumed in adequate amounts. Among the different probiotics in the market, Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM 17938 is a microaerophilic and heterofermentative organism that is able to tolerate high oxygen conditions compared with another L. reuteri and lactic acid bacteria strains. This study invest

Today’s modern societies are becoming increasingly dependent on the vital societal functions that technical critical infrastructures provide, for example availability of electricity, tap water and internet connectivity. Hence, it is of essence that these infrastructures are resilient to interruptions. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and contrast resilience levels of different types of

I svensk rättsskipning har användningen av lekmannadomare månghundraåriga anor. Idag medverkar de i olika typer av dömande verksamhet som exempelvis i brottmål i tingsrätt. Motiven för att använda lekmän har varierat stort över tiden. Ordningen med nämndemännen har visat sig vara seglivad trots att det förekommit en hård kritik. Nämndemän antog tidigare i historien karaktären av bevisning. DärefteThe use of laymen as judges dates back many centuries in the Swedish administration of justice. Today they participate in various types of sentencing activities, such as in criminal cases in district courts. The motives for using lay judges have varied greatly over time. The order with the judges has proved to be tenacious despite the harsh criticism. Previously in history the lay judges themselve