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The classical pathway of complement is crucial to the immune system, but it also contributes to inflammatory diseases when dys-regulated. Binding of the C1 complex to ligands activates the pathway by inducing autoactivation of associated C1r, after which C1r activates C1s. C1s cleaves complement component C4 and then C2 to cause full activation of the system. The interaction between C1s and C4 inv

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly associated with loss of synapses. The complement system has been shown to be involved in synaptic elimination. Several studies point to an association between AD and the complement system. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of complement components 3 and 4 (C3 and C4, respectively), and complement recept

Soil gas production processes, mainly anaerobic or aerobic soil respiration, drive major gas fluxes across the soil-atmosphere interface. Carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes, an efflux which in most ecosystems is a result of both autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, in particular have received international attention. The importance of both CO2 and methane (CH4) fluxes are emphasised in the Arctic

Geographic variation in phenotypes plays a key role in fundamental evolutionary processes such as local adaptation, population differentiation and speciation, but the selective forces behind it are rarely known. We found support for the hypothesis that geographic variation in plumage traits of the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca is explained by character displacement with the collared flycatche

The study discussed here by Gunnel Osterman, Anders Möller and Ingegerd Wirtberg aimed to find out if any observable themes or patterns recur when using the Marte Meo (MM) method with adoptive parents, and if the parents feel that working with this method helps them to interact with their child. The study used qualitative methods and comprised two parts: use of the MM method with couples who had a

he purpose of the present study was to empirically test the suggestion that experiential avoidance in an emotion regulation context is best understood as an emotion regulatory function of topographically distinct strategies. To do this we examined whether a measure of experiential avoidance could statistically account for the effects of emotion regulation strategies intervening at different points

Objective: to explore midwives' awareness of and clinical experience regarding domestic violence among pregnant women in southern Sweden. Design: an inductive qualitative design, using focus groups interviews. Setting: midwives with experience of working in antenatal care (ANC) units connected to two university hospitals in southern Sweden. Participants 16 midwives recruited by network sampling an

Recent studies have uncovered an abundance of non-neutral cytoplasmic genetic variation within species, which suggests that we should no longer consider the cytoplasm an idle intermediary of evolutionary change. Nonneutrality of cytoplasmic genomes is particularly intriguing, given that these genomes are maternally transmitted. This means that the fate of any given cytoplasmic genetic mutation is

Welfare state research tends to assume strong and enduring public support for welfare state institutions. We challenge this assumption and show that in times of economic crisis, positive welfare state attitudes are confronted with conflicting preferences for improvement of labour market performance. We argue that such movements in public opinion have led to issue competition among major political

Sexual antagonism occurs when there is a positive intersexual genetic correlation in trait expression but opposite fitness effects of the trait(s) in males and females. As such, it constrains the evolution of sexual dimorphism and may therefore have implications for adaptive evolution. There is currently considerable evidence for the existence of sexually antagonistic genetic variation in laborato

Background: There is a need for ecient regression testing in most software development organizations. Often the proposed solutions involve automation. However, despite this being a well researched area, research results are rarely applied in industrial practice. Aim: In this paper we aim to bridge the gap between research and practice by providing examples of how evidence-based regression testing

Popular Abstract in Swedish Beräkningar från Cancerfonden visar på att ungefär var tredje person i Sverige kommer att få en cancerdiagnos under sin livstid. Cancerceller är celler som har utvecklat speciella förmågor som gör att de har börjat dela sig ohämmat. Denna ohämmade celldelning leder till bildandet av en tumör och när tumören har nått ett visst stadie i sin utveckling så börjar den spridaAs a cancer grows it will, at a certain stage of disease progression, start spreading in the body. For several types of cancer this spreading will first occur through the lymphatic system and the first place where metastatic cell will be encountered is the first lymph node that drains the area where the tumor is located. This lymph node is defined as the sentinel lymph node (SLN). By analyzing the

Mixtures of ethyl (hydroxyethyl)cellulose (EHEC) and sodium dodecanoate (SDoD) were investigated using surface tension, conductivity and transmittance measurements. The parameters of the surfactant to polymer association processes such as the critical aggregation concentration (cac) and saturation of the polymer by SDoD (psp) were determined from the plots of surface tension and specific conductiv

We present the results of phi meson production in the K+K- decay channel from Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) =200 GeV as measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Precision resonance centroid and width values are extracted as a function of collision centrality. No significant variation from the Particle Data Group accepted v

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avloppsvatten renas från fosfor för att minimera utsläppet till sjöar och hav. Näringsämnena fosfor och kväve bidrar till övergödningen i våra vatten och kan reduceras kraftigt på avloppsreningsverken. Fosforavskiljning går huvudsakligen ut på att få löst fosfat att hamna i en fast fas ? slammet, för att sedan kunna avskilja det från det renade vattnet. Bakterier som vThe idea of phosphorus removal at wastewater treatment plants is to transfer dissolved phosphorus into a solid phase. Together with the rest of the produced sludge it is then removed from the water, resulting in a decreased concentration of phosphorus in the effluent and the prevention of the eutrophication in the recipient. Phosphorus can either be stored biologically, with enhanced biological p

Genome-wide nonparametric linkage analysis of 480 sib-pairs affected with type 2 diabetes revealed linkage to a previously unreported susceptibility locus on chromosome 18p11. This result improved with stringent subphenotyping using age- and sex-adjusted BMI, ultimately reaching a logarithm of odds of 3.82 (allele sharing 0.6654) at a point between markers D18S976 and D18S391 when the most obese 2

The moth, Spodoptera littoralis, was demonstrated to be a new model system for studying mechanisms underlying odour conditioning. In the experiments a restrained moth was trained to learn an association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US). A proboscis extension reflex (PER) elicited by the conditioned odour was observed after learning. In paper I, an odour-sucros

The Montreal Protocol is working. Concentrations of major ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere are now decreasing, and the decline in total column amounts seen in the 1980s and 1990s at mid-latitudes has not continued. In polar regions, there is much greater natural variability. Each spring, large ozone holes continue to occur in Antarctica and less severe regions of depleted ozone continu

Elongation factor G (EF-G) catalyses the translocation step in protein synthesis on the ribosome. During this event the antibiotic Fusidic acid (FA) binds to and irreversably inhibits the release of the EF-G:GDP complex from the ribosome. The difficulties to elucidate the exact binding mechanism of FA to the EF-G:GDP:ribosome complex are due to the fact that FA only binds to EF-G when the factor i