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Whittaker was one of the leading ecologists of his generation, introducing several ideas to plant community ecology. One approach involved deriving environmental-correlation curves in attempts to determine how the abundance of individual species changed along environmental gradients. These curves have been used extensively in the ecological literature of the last 50 years. However, there has been

Background: The acid-producing part of the rat stomach (fundus) is rich in endocrine cells, i.e. ECL cells and A-like cells. The ECL cells operate under gastrin control and manufacture histamine, the chromogranin-derived peptide pancreastatin and an unidentified peptide hormone. The A-like cells produce ghrelin, a newly discovered growth hormone-releasing hormone. Surgical removal of the entire gl

In this study, we present a way of controlling the formation of the two types of zeaxanthin aggregates in hydrated ethanol: J-zeaxanthin (head-to-tail aggregate, characteristic absorption band at 530 nm) and H-zeaxanthin (card-pack aggregate, characteristic absorption band at 400 run). To control whether J- or H-zeaxanthin is formed, three parameters are important: (1) pH, that is, the ability to

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the total direct medical costs to society for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden and to investigate how different factors, for example diabetic late complications, affect costs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data regarding health care utilization, clinical characteristics and quality of life, were collected at a single time-point. Data on resource use cover the 6-month perio

Accurate measurements of soil solution electrical conductivity (or.) are needed in various applications. One recently developed technique that measures sigma(w) is the Sigma Probe (SP). The SP is supposed to give accurate readings only-slightly dependent on water content (theta) and soil type. To test the performance of the SP, it was compared with another dielectric technique, time domain reflect

Background: There is increasing appreciation of gender differences in COPD but scant data whether risk factors for tow lung function differ in men and women. We analysed data from 3 years follow-up in 178 women and 464 men with COPD, participants in the Euroscop Study who were smokers unexposed to inhaled corticosteroids. Methods: Explanatory variables of gender, age, starting age and pack-years s

In vitro tests are commonly employed to assess nebulizer performance. Whether the square or sine waveforms employed during in vitro tests could alter the nebulizer performance compared to that observed when a patient breathes through the nebulizer is debatable. Accordingly, the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the rates of delivery from nebulizers with simulated human breathing patterns t

Media coverage is often held responsible for the erosion of public support for European integration. At the same time, a well-functioning political journalism is also held up as an important requirement for EU democracy. Set against this background of confl icting perceptions of the media, this report analyzes political journalism’s critical performance in the realm of EU constitutionmaking. The r

The aim of this study was to illuminate the lived experiences of families where a child had survived 7 years from a diagnosis of childhood cancer. This article describes one part of an inductive and longitudinal research project that included 17 families. Four families whose child was diagnosed with cancer 7 years previously were interviewed using a hermeneutical phenomenological approach. The fam

The self-assembly of proteins into beta-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils has been observed to occur with sigmoidal kinetics, indicating that the system initially is trapped in a metastable state. Here, we use a minimal lattice-based model to explore the thermodynamic forces driving amyloid formation in a finite canonical (NVT) system. By means of generalized-ensemble Monte Carlo techniques and a semi-an

Precision error of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry exceeds the expected annual rate of bone loss in the elderly. The capacity to detect changes in areal bone mineral density (aBMD; g/cm(2)) over a 5-yr period was assessed. Six hundred ninety-one women, 75.2 (0.1)yr, from the Malmö OPRA-study, were measured using Lunar DPX-L (GE Lunar, Madison, WI), and 211 men, 74.7 (3.2)yr, from the Malmö Mr Os-

BACKGROUND: Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and oxygen tension (PcvO2), obtained from the superior vena cava, correlate well with mixed venous (pulmonary arterial) oxygen saturation (SvO2) and tension (pvO2) when the hematocrit is normal. The present study was undertaken to assess whether extreme hemodilution affects this relation. METHODS: We compared mixed and central venous blood durin

The immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) has been shown to have neuroprotective action. The inhibition of both calcineurin activation and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) opening are considered the primary neuroprotective mechanisms of CsA. Here we have evaluated the effect of CsA on significantly reducing infarct size induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)

Popular Abstract in English Globalization and new technologies in transportation and communication have opened the doors for partnerships beyond the national and regional borders, making business survival more complex than ever before. We can see more companies outsourcing different aspects of their business in order to focus on one or a few core competencies, which would potentially gain them morIn this dissertation, we discuss how buyers practice purchasing strategies in an asymmetric power situation favoring suppliers, and how their purchasing strategies practiced impact their purchasing power and buyer-supplier relationships. Organizations enter exchange relationships to access required resources not produced internally, and are exposed to uncertainty from not being able to fully contr

Global competition forces companies to constantly increase the efficiency in their production systems. One important factor affecting the production performance is the inbound materials handling system. When designing or relocating a manufacturing system, the cost of the material handling system is one of many things to take into consideration. In connection with on-going research a comprehensive

Objective:Human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) genetic factors and islet autoantibodies are strongly associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and are currently used to predict T1D. This study examined whether islet autoantibodies in the cord blood of newborns to nondiabetic mothers were associated with the (T1D) high-risk genotype HLA-DQ2/8, gestational infections or both.Study Design:Cord blood sampl

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator (MHC2TA) gene encoding the class II transactivator have been associated with multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and myocardial infarction in the Swedish population. We used a case-control approach to investigate the prevalence of a relevant variant in Swedish systemic lupus erythematosus (

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship between changes in lower limb EMG root mean square (RMS) activity and changes in body movement during perturbed standing. Specifically, linear movement variance, torque variance and body posture were correlated against tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius RMS EMG activity during perturbed standing by vibration of the calf muscles. METHODS: Eighteen healthy pa

The phase behavior of the ternary monoolein (MO)-diolein (DO)-water ((H2O)-H-2) system is presented. The experimental phase behavior and microstructure are studied by a combination of polarizing microscopy, small-angle X-ray diffraction, and NMR methods. Monoolein forms extensive reversed bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phases (C) that are in equilibrium with a lamellar liquid crystalline ph

A new sensing technology platform integrating magnetic permeability detection and a two-site heterogeneous immunoassay in a one-step analysis is described. As a platform model, measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), a cardiac and inflammation marker, were performed in a rapid (11.5 min) high-sensitivity (hs) procedure with a low detection limit (0.2 mg/L) and accuracy (CV = 11%). The two-site h