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Software reliability is an important characteristic for most systems, but due to its dynamic properties it is hard to assess until very late in the development. Nevertheless, the testing must be planned to meet the reliability requirements. In test planning, the notion of usage coverage may be used as an indicator of reliability as they are correlated with each other. When the testing is planned,
Natural selection on floral scent composition is a key element of the hypothesis that pollinators and other floral visitors drive scent evolution. The measure of such selection is complicated by the high-dimensional nature of floral scent data and uncertainty about the cognitive processes involved in scent-mediated communication. We use dimension reduction through reduced-rank regression to jointl
Artificial Intelligence Applications for Sustainable Construction presents the latest developments in AI and ML technologies applied to real-world civil engineering concerns. With an increasing amount of attention on the environmental impact of every industry, more construction projects are going to require sustainable construction practices. This volume offers research evidence, simulation result
The removal of organic micropollutants in granular activated carbon (GAC) filters can be attributed to adsorption and biological degradation. These two processes can interact with each other or proceed independently. To illustrate the differences in their interaction, three 14C-labeled organic micropollutants with varying potentials for adsorption and biodegradation were selected to study their ad
This study investigates the relationship between changes in the frequency of dwell time delays and passenger flow characteristics and the frequency of railway service during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so we make use of automatic passenger count data from commuter trains in Southern Sweden. Our findings show that the frequency of dwell time delays decreased under COVID-19 conditions compared to t
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare but highly contagious and lethal disease that occurs predominantly in African countries, with a case-fatality rate of 30–90%. The causative viral pathogens of EVD are within the genus Ebolavirus in the family Filoviridae. The primary route of human-to-human transmission is through direct contact with blood, bodily fluids and secretions from infected individuals.
AbstractSevere perineal trauma (SPT) is a serious complication following vaginal birth. To reduce its incidence rate, various preventive strategies have been implemented in Swedish obstetric units. Collegial midwifery assistance (CMA), involving an additional midwife being present during the active second stage of labour, is a clinical practice that was evaluated in the Oneplus trial, which proved
Background: Vascular adverse events after collagenase injection for Dupuytren disease are absent in large trials and systematic reviews. The aim of this study is to present a case series of delayed vascular complications after collagenase treatment. Methods: A prospective evaluation of 1181 consecutively treated patients at one orthopedic department identified three patients reporting symptoms of
A search for a new heavy scalar or pseudo-scalar Higgs boson (H/A) produced in association with a pair of top quarks, with the Higgs boson decaying into a pair of top quarks (H/A → tt¯) is reported. The search targets a final state with exactly two leptons with same-sign electric charges or at least three leptons. The analysed dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb −1 of proton–
Optimizing sample quantity and quality improves cost-effective and less invasive dendrochronological investigations. Our study examined 3,831 trees, including 2,921 pine, 404 spruce, and 506 oak trees. Pine had a 79.2% success rate for dating, spruce 46.5%, and oak 67.8%. Success rates increased with more trees analysed, notably in the case of spruce. When 1–3 spruce trees were analysed, only 44%
In Sweden, the governance of healthcare is decentralized, so PC is provided with regional or local differences in organization, level of competence, and recourses. Ongoing regional and national initiative to increase quality of pediatric palliative care in Sweden aligns with the international standard of pediatric palliative care as a care directed towards all children with life-threatening or lif
The Concordance Index (C-index) is a commonly used metric in Survival Analysis for evaluating the performance of a prediction model. In this paper, we propose a decomposition of the C-index into a weighted harmonic mean of two quantities: one for ranking observed events versus other observed events, and the other for ranking observed events versus censored cases. This decomposition enables a finer
Body water balance is determined by fundamental homeostatic mechanisms that maintain stable volume, osmolality and the composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids. Water balance is maintained by multiple mechanisms that continuously match water losses through urine, the skin, the gastrointestinal tract and respiration with water gains achieved through drinking, eating and metabolic water
The ongoing climate change has been increasingly reflected in climate observations around the world, both in terms of averages and extremes, and attributed to anthropogenic climate forcing. When it comes to changing extremes, attribution to climate change is now especially well-established for heat-related extremes worldwide. Understanding changes in extremes is important for climate adaptation as
Lignosulfonate, a macromolecular byproduct derived from the paper and pulp industry, is a promising feedstock for bioconversion processes due to its rich carbon content and widespread availability. We here present an approach for the production of muconic acid through the optimization of the oxidative depolymerization of lignosulfonate and its further conversion using a recombinant Pseudomona
Introduction: The presented study aimed to investigate whether a mechanical chest compression piston device with a suction cup assisting chest recoil could impact the hemodynamic status when compared to a bare piston during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods: 16 piglets were anesthetized and randomized into 2 groups. After 3 minutes of induced ventricular fibrillation, a LUCAS 3 device was used
INTRODUCTION: Inhibitor development against factor VIII (FVIII) is the most common complication of hemophilia A replacement therapy. One of the variables considered to influence inhibitor development is the ABO blood group. Patients with blood group O have, on average, a 30%-40% lower endogenous von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentration. It has been postulated that VWF levels influence inhibitor d
Sweden and Malmö are widely considered forerunners of climate change mitigation and adaptation, both internationally and by self-proclamation. Political will, available resources, and public knowledge are fairly high. National and local policies and regulations are in place, and a dominant majority of Swedes is well informed about climate change and the associated obligations, seeing climate chang
Faster bacterial biomass turnover is expected in water compared to soil, which would result in more rapid community adaption to changing environmental conditions, including temperature. Bacterial community adaptation for growth is therefore predicted to have larger seasonal amplitudes in lakes than in soil. To test this prediction, we compared the seasonal variation in temperature adaptation of ba
The interfacial nanostructure of the three most widely-studied Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), choline chloride:urea (ChCl:Urea), choline chloride:ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG), and choline chloride:glycerol (ChCl:Gly) at a Pt(111) electrode has been studied as a function of applied potential and water content up to 50 wt%. Contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) force-distance curves reveal that fo
