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The Parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three Panels of experts. One of these is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with two focal issues. The first focus is the effects of UV radiation on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The second focus is on interactions between UV radiation and global climate change and how the
Tropical savannas and grasslands are estimated to contribute significantly to the total primary production of all terrestrial vegetation. Large parts of African savannas and grasslands are used for agriculture and cattle grazing, but the carbon flux data available from these areas are limited. This study explores carbon dioxide fluxes measured with the eddy covariance method for 3 years at a graze
Physiotherapists are facing complex health challenges in the treatment of persons suffering from long-lasting musculoskeletal disorders and mental health problems. Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT) is a physiotherapy approach within the movement awareness domain developed to bridge physical, mental, and relational health challenges. The purpose of this study was to reach a consensus on core phen
Global production rates of metals vary from iron at 1.4 billion ton per year to platinum with 200 ton per year. Resource scarcity starts to manifest itself in rising prices and supply limitations, and metal substitution has been a major argument among economists when putting considerations of resource scarcity aside. Here we investigate the potential limits to metal substitution. Present consumpti
The scFv antibody towards the Burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin was previously constructed by phage display and exhibited good specificity towards the exotoxin. We report here the optimization of the scFv expression in an E. coli expression system. Four different E. coli strains (ER2537, TG1, HB2151, and XL1-Blue) were examined for optimal expression of the scFv protein. Two types of carbon sourc
Lipase from Penicillium roquefortii immobilized on porous polypropylene particles was used for enzymatic preparation of 1,2-diglycerides by alcoholysis in organic media. A screening of commercially available lipases showed that lipases from Penicillium species produced high amounts of 1,2-diglycerides from triglycelirles. Reaction parameters such as solvent, alcohol, water activity, and fatty acid
Advanced preservation injury (PI) after intestinal transplantation has deleterious short-and long-term effects and constitutes a major research topic. Logistics and costs favor rodent studies, whereas clinical translation mandates studies in larger animals or using human material. Despite diverging reports, no direct comparison between the development of intestinal PI in rats, pigs, and humans is
The aim is to explore how young people, after having lived on the streets, experience the reintegration process of returning to their local community. Individual interviews were conducted with young males having experience of reintegration after having lived on the streets. The results show a step-wise process initially signified by ambivalence, moving back and forth and encountering setbacks. The
Importance: Soft drinks are frequently consumed, but whether this consumption is associated with mortality risk is unknown and has been understudied in European populations to date.Objective: To examine the association between total, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened soft drink consumption and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality.Design, Setting, and Participants: This populatio
Theories of taste-based discrimination predict that competitive pressures will drive discriminatory behavior out of the market. The authors analyze how firm takeovers and product market competition affect firms' gender composition and gender wage gap using detailed matched employer-employee data. Taking into account several endogeneity concerns while using a difference-in-difference framework, the
Since 2010 when the North American ELKHORN and Baltoscandic PAROVEJA isotope excursions were first described and named, their mutual age relations have remained uncertain, if not controversial. This was at least partly due to the incompleteness of the ELKHORN excursion in its reference section in western Ohio. The unexpected discovery of an apparently complete ELKHORN excursion in a drill core fro
Lawrence Summers produced a big upset within the economics profession when he revived Alvin Hansen’s theory of secular stagnation, which had been thought of as an old-Keynesian fallacy. While some economists like Brad DeLong and Paul Krugman instantly recognized Summers’s contribution, a large share of the economics profession remained skeptical at first. Whereas most New Keynesian models allow fo
With origins in post-war development thinking, the core-periphery concept has spread across the social and, increasingly, the natural sciences. Initially reflecting divergent socioeconomic properties of geographical regions, its relational connotations rapidly led to more topological interpretations. In today's network science, the standard core-periphery model consists of a cohesive set of core a
Background: There is a growing need to support the health and wellbeing of older persons aging in the context of migration. Objectives: We evaluated whether a group-based health promotion program with person-centred approach, maintained or improved life satisfaction and engagement in activities of older immigrants in Sweden. Methods: A randomised controlled trial with post-intervention follow-ups
This study investigates whether advanced second language (L2) learners of a nonnull subject language (Dutch) are influenced by their null subject first language (L1) (Turkish) in their offline and online resolution of subject pronouns in L2 discourse. To tease apart potential L1 effects from possible general L2 processing effects, we also tested a group of German L2 learners of Dutch who were pred
We determined the degree of connectivity in the Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus between breeding regions in central and northern Europe and stopover sites in Iberia, during the autumn migration. We used both recovery data and wing length analyses to achieve this. Biometric data were obtained during 2009 at 11 sampling localities in Iberia, which we amalgamated into four major migrato
Severely disturbed habitats such as military training grounds, gravel pits and sand pits contribute to the species diversity of the agricultural landscape in Europe. They host a number of red-listed species not found elsewhere, illustrating that many plant species are threatened by extinction due to too little soil disturbance. Implementing a suitable disturbance regime is therefore crucial to ens
Sexual selection hypotheses stipulate that the major histocompatibility complex genes (MHC) constitute a key molecular underpinning for mate choice in vertebrates. The last four decades saw growing empirical literature on the role of MHC diversity and dissimilarity in mate choice for a wide range of vertebrate animals, but with mixed support for its significance in natural populations. Using forma
The behavior of a sterically crowded neutral pincer {2,6-bis[(di-t-butylphosphino)methyll-phenyl}palladium (PCPPd) halides, PCPPdX (X = Cl, Br or I), as XB acceptors with strong halogen bond (XB) donors, iodine (I(2)), 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (F4DIBz), and 1,4-dliodooctafluorobutane (F8DIBu) were studied in the solid state. The co-crystallization experiments afforded high-quality single cryst
