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The hazards posed by a wildfire increase significantly when it approaches the wildland–urban interface. Evacuation of rural communities is frequently considered by local authorities and residents. In this context, evacuation triggers are locations that when reached by the wildfire indicate it is time to evacuate. Triggers are often arbitrarily defined via identifiable landmarks, do not include a s

OBJECTIVE: Systemic inflammatory autoimmune diseases (SIADs) such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren disease (pSS), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (myositis) are complex conditions characterized by shared circulating autoantibodies and clinical manifestations, including skin rashes, among others. This study was aimed at elucidating the genetics underlying these common f

Old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees provide important habitat structures in boreal forest ecosystems, yet long-term intensive forest management in Sweden has made such trees increasingly rare and difficult to locate across large forest landscapes. Although field-based inventories can identify old trees reliably, they are time-consuming, costly, and spatially limited. This creates a need for

I situationer där vårdnadshavare inte är överens om ett barn ska få psykiatrisk utredning eller behandling finns det en möjlighet för socialnämnden att besluta i en vårdnadshavares ställe enligt 6 kap. 13 a § föräldrabalk (1949:381) (FB). Bestämmelsen aktualiseras exempelvis när vårdnadshavare är oense om huruvida ett barn ska utredas eller medicineras mot ADHD. Syftet med bestämmelsen är att till

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka det strukturella problem som uppstår i säkerhetsrådet när rådet hamnar i en rättslig återvändsgränd på grund av ett veto. Uppsatsen utgår från diskussioner kring soft laws påverkan samt användning inom folkrätten och huruvida det kan vara ett användbart instrument för att kringgå sådana rättsliga återvändsgränder. FN-stadgan konstruerades på ett sätt som möjThis essay aims to examine the structural problem that arises in the Security Council when the Council finds itself in a legal impasse due to a veto. The essay is based on discussions on the impact and use of soft law in international law and whether it can be a useful instrument to circumvent such legal impasses. The UN Charter was constructed in a way that allowed for this structural problem bec

We assemble the Irish industrial data currently available for the years 1800-1921, the period during which the entire island was in a political Union with Great Britain, and construct an annual index of Irish industrial output for 1800-1913. We also construct a new industrial price index. Irish industrial output grew by an average of 1.3 per cent per annum between 1800 and the outbreak of the Firs

Sound reduction is complex to estimate for acoustical treatments on ventilation ducts through walls. Various acoustical treatments are available for ventilation ducts, including internal lining (absorption along the inner perimeter), external lagging (external sound insulation), silencer, and suspended ceilings. Previous studies have examined how silencers and the internal lining affect the sound

Effective preprocessing of electroencephalography (EEG) data is fundamental for deriving meaningful insights. Independent component analysis (ICA) serves as an important step in this process by aiming to eliminate undesirable artifacts from EEG data. However, the decision on which and how many components to be removed remains somewhat arbitrary, despite the availability of both automatic and manua

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diabetes retinopathy and evaluate the factors influencing its occurrence both at the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and three years into its duration. Design: Retrospective population-based study. Setting: Data was retrieved from Regional Healthcare Information Platform in Region Halland 2016–2020. Subjects: Patients 35-75 years old in Region Halland rec

In a Swedish brass band a program for change was pursued which aimed to improve the artistic level of playing of the ensemble without replacing less competent members. At the time for the study the band comprised 34 members, four of whom were female. The research question was: How does community and group coherence interact with the goal to improve the musical standard in an amateur brass band? T

To better handle situations where additional resources are available to carry out a task, many problems from the manufacturing industry involve dividing a task into a number of smaller tasks, while optimizing a specific objective function. In this paper we consider the problem of partitioning a given set S of n points in the plane into k subsets, S-1,...,S-k, such that max(1less than or equal toil

This text contains an overview of the field of frost and salt-frost resistance of concrete. It consists of three parts: First, a summary of known phenomena of frost and salt frost deterioration of concrete, then a description of thermodynamics of ice formation in porous materials, and finally a description of proposed models and mechanisms of deterioration during frost and salt frost attack. The c

Objectives: To explore reasons for institutionalization of people with dementia according to informal caregivers as well as variation in reasons between countries. Design: An explorative cross-sectional study was conducted in 8 European countries. Setting: Per country, a minimum of 3 long term care facilities, offering care and accommodation as a package, participated in this study. Participating

Radio-controlled model planes are useful when carrying out photography, especially from low altitudes, and meteorological soundings (air temperatures in boundary layers). Soundings were carried out with a system which stored the measured data on board the plane pending evaluation after the flight. The payload of the plane was a camera and equipment for measuring temperature and air pressure (altit

To characterize the sites on the protein surface that are involved in the adsorption to silica nanoparticles and the subsequent rearrangements of the protein/nanoparticle interaction, a novel approach has been used. After incubation of protein with silica nanoparticles for 2 or 16 h, the protein was cleaved with trypsin and the peptide fragments were analyzed with mass spectrometry. The nanopartic

Composition and functioning of arctic soil fungal communities may alter rapidly due to the ongoing trends of warmer temperatures, shifts in nutrient availability and shrub encroachment. In addition, the communities may also be intrinsically shaped by heavy grazing, which may locally induce an ecosystem change that couples with increased soil temperature and nutrients and where shrub encroachment i

Abstract: We propose a design of an achromatic dual-waveplate intended to align the polarization of orthogonal two-color pulses in an inline configuration. The waveplate acts as a half-waveplate for pulses with a carrier wavelength of 1300 nm over a bandwidth of 300 nm. For the second harmonic of the pulses the waveplate acts as a full-waveplate, centered at 650 nm with a bandwidth of 100 nm. By e

Abstract: Soft and biological materials are often composed of elementary constituents exhibiting an incessant roto-translational motion at the microscopic scale. Tracking this motion with a bright-field microscope becomes increasingly challenging when the particle size becomes smaller than the microscope resolution, a case which is frequently encountered. Here we demonstrate squared-gradient diffe

Objectives To explore how mandatory reporting to the supervisory authority of suicides among recipients of healthcare services has influenced associated investigations conducted by the healthcare services, the lessons obtained and whether any suicide-prevention-related improvements in terms of patient safety had followed. Design and settings Retrospective study of reports from Swedish primary and